jstyle

Advances in technology are helping to save vulnerable ecosystems

Embracing the
ENVIRONMENT

A world-leader in technological advances,
Japan is turning its expertise to developing solutions to environmental problems.

Solar arrays such as this are springing up all over Japan
©Sharp Kameyama plant

Toyota's 3rd generation HEV "Prius"

The Japan of the past was a country that remained largely unchanged for centuries. Gentle traditions such as the tea ceremony, idyllic rural villages, and a proud shogun history were the elements that shaped the nation. Then came World War II, which brought this proud country to its knees. In some places, such as Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the damage was physical and palpable. But the whole of Japan suffered as the costs of waging war left the nation economically crippled.
The rebuilding effort in the 1950s and ‘60s, however, transformed this bucolic nation into the economic powerhouse it is today. History tells us of the 19th-century industrial revolution in North America and Europe, yet no transformation has been more dramatic than that experienced in Japan since the 1950s. True, there had been a preview of socio-economic change with the industrialisation of the Meiji era (1868-1912), which coincided with that of the western world, but the post-war era brought sweeping changes.
This unprecedented development, of course, came at a cost to the environment in the form of pollution. The two oil price scares of the 1970s were also dramatically felt in Japan, which is almost totally dependent on imported natural resources.
But the nation turned its weaknesses to an advantage by moving quickly to develop low-impact, energy-saving technologies. By the dawn of the current millennium, with much of the rest of the world only just beginning to come to terms with renewable energy and climate change issues, Japan was at least 20 years ahead − and, indeed, has developed an entire business sub-sector centred on the technology.

Eco-cars
Take hybrid cars. Toyota and Honda, both Japanese companies, have been world leaders in this field, and look set to reap the rewards for their foresight and research.
Like many in the 2008-09 global financial crisis, the Japanese automobile industry experienced a serious downturn in demand. However, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), combining an internal combustion motor with an electric motor, is the one sub-sector that is doing well.
Toyota's Prius has dominated the HEV market so far, but last February Honda introduced the second generation of their HEV, Insight, designed to knock Prius off the road. With a price below two million yen, the Insight became the best-selling car domestically in April in 2009. In May, Toyota counter-attacked with a full-model change of the Prius, which put Toyota back in top place in June after managing to keep the price of the new model down to just 2.05 million yen.
Toyota is now widening the gap, bringing out hybrid versions of its better-known models and expanding the hybrid drive train to its luxury brand, Lexus.
Pure electric vehicles (EV) are a newer development in the Japanese car market. In June, Fuji Heavy Industries began selling its Subaru plug-in Stella EV, which can be charged from household power outlets. Mitsubishi Motors meanwhile, has begun marketing its i-MiEV by leasing to corporations.
Not using petrol means zero emission of climate-changing carbon dioxide but there are some well-known disadvantages. The driving range is relatively limited. The Stella can travel a maximum of 90 kilometres before it needs recharging; for the i-MiEV it is 160 kilometres. Electric vehicles also have long recharge times. The Stella takes eight hours on 100-volt power, while the i-MiEV takes 14 hours.
Also, when compared with the same class of petrol-powered vehicle, they are expensive, so in the short to medium term their acceptance is expected to be limited.

Honda's HEV "Insight"

Mitsubishi Motors's
EV "i-MiEV"

Tax cuts
In April 2009 the Japanese government implemented tax cuts for environment-friendly vehicles. Cars powered by electricity, gas, diesel and hybrid engines are eligible for exemption or a reduction of vehicle taxes, depending on how eco-friendly and fuel-efficient they are. These tax concessions have been identified as a key incentive to boost the popularity of HEVs.

"Misawa Smart Style Zero" house generates its own solar power for all the household's energy needs

Electric appliance recycling
Before 2001, approximately 60,000 tonnes of electrical appliances were discarded by Japanese households every year, with most going to landfill. But in a country as compact as Japan there are limited landfill sites. So the government introduced the Electric Appliance Recycling Law to ensure that television sets, air-conditioners, refrigerators, freezers and washing machines are recycled. From April 2009, clothes dryers and liquid crystal and plasma flat-screen television sets have been added to the list of appliances that must be recycled.
The law makes it obligatory for retailers to collect such items from consumers and for manufacturers to retrieve useful parts. Consumers pay the cost of collection and transportation.

Introducing eco-points
According to government figures covering the residential sector, approximately 70 per cent of CO2 emissions come from electrical appliances, of which 50 per cent come from air-conditioners, refrigerators and televisions.
So another initiative in Japan's wide-ranging clean, green campaign is the introduction of an eco-points scheme. Customers who buy air-conditioners, refrigerators and digital televisions with high energy-efficient ratings receive eco-points which can be exchanged for gift certificates, coupons, eco-friendly merchandise and goods that promote regional development.
As well as being a counter-measure against global warming and a stimulus to the economy, this scheme is aimed at promoting the changeover to digital terrestrial television. The incentive is currently applicable only until March 31, 2010.

The Sharp Kameyama plant in Mie prefecture

Solar power
Japanese households generating solar power from photovoltaic panels will, under a new proposal, be able to sell surplus electricity back to electricity companies for approximately double the purchase price. Japanese electric power companies currently pay 24 yen per kilowatt-hour but, under the proposed plan, they will pay consumers 48 yen.
This system of selling back surplus power at a fixed price is expected to be introduced before the end of 2009. The cost of buying back the power from households will be recouped by increasing electricity costs to the public. In Germany, after the implementation of a similar system, the use of new energy rose suddenly. It is expected that its introduction in Japan will also bring about a rapid increase in solar power installation.

Wind farms in Suttsu town, Hokkaido

Best 100 new energies
To encourage the adoption of alternative energy in Japan, the Ministry of the Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) announced awards for the "best 100 new energies".
Recipients include wind power, cryogenic energy, biomass fuel production, geothermal power, and temperature-difference energy (utilising the salt in sea water). Some of these ideas, of course, are hardly "new" but they have been reapplied to projects which have created power for "local consumption". As the catchline suggests, it is geared towards the adoption of clean energy in local areas.
For example, in Hokkaido, the town of Suttsu boasts the biggest municipally operated wind farm, consisting of 14 turbines taking advantage of the strong seasonal winds to generate power.
Again in Hokkaido, Toyako's agricultural co-operative's collection centre recently installed a system that uses 1500 tonnes of snow for a cryogenic facility to store potatoes at low temperatures.
In Mie prefecture, the Sharp Kameyama plant, which manufactures liquid crystal display television sets, uses 5210 kilowatts of solar power generated by a photovoltaic power system, the largest of its kind in the world.
In Kyoto, a biomass energy plant produces 220 kilowatts of electricity by using manure. And in Kagawa prefecture, the Shikoku Electric Power Company operates an unusual system which uses the temperature-difference of sea water in its thermal power station at a port terminal.
Meanwhile, Fukuoka Hydrogen Town in Kyushu is the result of collaboration between the public and private sectors. After the installation of 150 residential hydrogen fuel cell power generation units in houses, it will be the largest demonstration project of its kind in the world.(J)

A cooling system that uses snow at Moerenuma park in Sapporo, Hokkaido
©Moerenuma Park

©Moerenuma Park

Future thermal power station using sea water

Cool Biz campaign

In a nation known for its formality, Japan's approach to environmental challenges has been surprising for some. In 2005 the government began a campaign called Cool Biz, or Cool Business, encouraging office workers to wear short-sleeved shirts without jackets or ties in summer.
This meant that air-conditioners could be set at 28 degrees, in an attempt to cut electricity consumption and consequent carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. According to Environment Ministry calculations, the reduction in greenhouse gases was approximately 1.14 million tonnes of CO2 ― roughly equivalent to one month's amount of CO2 emissions from 2.5 million households.
After then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi was seen working in his shirt-sleeves, the practice became widespread in government and municipal offices, and throughout the political community. There has, however, been some resistance from the private sector. Many corporate business executives such as sales representatives are fighting the Cool Biz trend and feel reluctant to meet customers without wearing ties or jackets.

Mitsukoshi Department Store's "Cool Biz Style" is redeifining the image of the Japanese business man

In Australia, too

Japan's eco-crusade extends well beyond its own borders, with its technology having an impact in many parts of the world, including Australia.
Australia is fortunate in having large reserves of coal, a large percentage of which is used domestically to generate electricity. However, coal-fired power plants emit large amounts of greenhouse gases.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Mitsubishi Corporation (MC) announced in June 2009 their participation in a Queensland project to build a low-emission Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation plant with a carbon capture and storage facility.
Together with ZeroGen, a company owned by the Queensland Government, the two Japanese companies will conduct a feasibility study on the project. MHI will be the exclusive manufacturer, supplier and builder of the facility, while MC will co-ordinate the overall project.
This will be the world's first commercial-scale IGCC power plant with carbon capture and storage, generating 530 megawatts of electricity and capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The plant is expected to begin operation in 2015.

Trial drilling site for ZeroGen's carbon storage at Denison Trough, Queensland

Escape to world-renowned powder snow in Japan ©Furano

スキー

Ski The World's Best Powder
Travel Highlights
TRAVELHIGHLIGHTS
Take a sneak-peek at the best of Japan throughout the seasons
TOP 7 THINGS
TO DO IN JAPAN

スキー
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN
SKI
The World's Best Powder

From November until early May, the mountains of Japan are transformed into a snowy playground. Join growing numbers of skiers and snowboarders from all over the world as they enjoy some of the world's best quality powder snow, courtesy of icy winds blowing in from Siberia and China. There are around 600 ski and snow resorts in Japan, making it a winter sports paradise, and most of them are only a couple of hours from some of Japan's major cities.
Hokkaido, Japan's northernmost island, enjoys the lion's share of pristine powder and is home to a number of popular ski resorts. Boasting expansive alpine wilderness, Hokkaido continues to stoke Australia's love affair with the Japanese winter. The ski fields of Niseko, Rusutsu, Furano, Sahoro and Tomamu are all within two and a half hours of Hokkaido's major airport New Chitose.
Nagano and Niigata prefectures, on the main island of Honshu, offer ski fields with the Japanese Alps as a stunning backdrop. These include Hakuba, famous for hosting the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics, and Shiga Kogen, the country's largest ski resort and home of the Wild Monkey Park.
While visitors love to watch the charismatic monkeys relaxing in a hot spring, the soothing pools are not just for monkeys. All of Japan's alpine resorts offer the uniquely Japanese experience of natural hot mineral water baths to relax in and recuperate after a hard day on the slopes. At Zao, you can even ski right to the door of your spa!
Japan's ski fields also offer a huge range of warm and welcoming accommodation options including hotels, condominiums, traditional ryokan lodges and hostels.
Take a sneak-peek at the best of Japan throughout the seasons

TRAVELHIGHLIGHTS
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN
See
Incomparable
PHYSICAL
Beauty
世界遺産
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN

13 The ancient Yakusugi trees on Yakushima Island

9 Himeji Castle

2 ©Yakushima Tourism Association

1

4
©JNTO

5

6 ©Nara City Tourist Association

10 ©JNTO

12 ©Itsukushima Shinto Shrine

Japan boasts a stunning selection of natural and man-made World Heritage sites. The dense forests of the Kii Mountains feature three sacred sites − Yoshino and Omine, Kumano Sanzan and Koyasan − linked by pilgrimage routes to ancient capitals Nara and Kyoto. Shrines from as early as the 9th century reflect the Japanese fusion of Shinto and Buddhism.
The old capitals themselves contain many heritage-listed sites, including the world's oldest wooden building, in the Horyuji temple complex in Nara, thought to be built in the 7th century.
Recognised by the World Heritage Committee in 1993, Himeji Castle attracts visitors all year round for its picturesque glimpse of feudal Japan but is most popular in spring when its many cherry blossom trees bloom.
Itsukushima, a Shinto shrine in the Seto inland sea, contrasts the colour and form of mountain and sea, creating a religious monument the World Heritage Committee describes as being of “incomparable physical beauty”.
Listed in 1996, Genbaku Dome was Hiroshima's only remaining structure after the atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945. It has now been preserved as part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial as a powerful symbol of hope for world peace.
The historic villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama in the middle of Honshu, were designated World Heritage sites for their uniquely preserved traditional thatched-roof buildings.
Japan also boasts a number of natural World Heritage sites. Shirakami-sanchi, on the northern tip of Honshu, is the last unblemished pocket of the beech forests that once covered Japan. Yakushima island in the south is an haven of volcanic mountains and dense rainforest, and at the other end of the spectrum, icy Shiretoko peninsula in northeast Hokkaido has been recognised for its important role in sustaining marine life.

1.Shiretoko
2.Shirakami-sanchi
3.Shrines and temples of Nikko
4.Historic villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama
5.Historic monuments of ancient Kyoto
6.Historic monuments of ancient Nara
7.Buddhist monuments in the Horyu-ji Area
8.Sacred sites and pilgrimage routes in the Kii moutain range
9.Himeji castle
10.Iwami Ginzan silver mine and its cultural landscape
11.Hiroshima peace memorial (Genbaku Dome)
12.Itsukushima shinto shrine
13.Yakushima Island
14.Gusuku(castle) sites and related properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu

The art of kaiseki, a feast for the eyes and the tastebuds

TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN
DINE
With The Stars
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN

apan's unique cuisine is becoming ever more popular in Australia but there's nothing quite as good as dining on Japanese food in Japan. The legendary Michelin guides, which rate restaurants of outstanding quality, listed a world-beating nine restaurants in Tokyo (each with the highest score of three stars) in 2008, and Tokyo received more stars in total than the traditional epicurean destinations of Paris and New York.
Japan imports some of the best seafood from around the world and is renowned for its sushi and sashimi. Both consist of bite-sized pieces of raw seafood, served on vinegared rice in the case of sushi, and both are usually accompanied by pickled ginger to cleanse the palate and hot wasabi paste for that extra zing.
For a hands-on experience, get some friends together and try the hot-pot meals sukiyaki and shabu-shabu. You cook the meat and vegetables at your own table using small pots of soy based stock (sukiyaki) or boiling water (shabu-shabu). Add tofu and mushrooms to make a vegetarian option.
Deep-fried delicacies such as tempura (battered prawns and vegetables) and tonkatsu (crunchy crumbed cutlets of pork) are also widely enjoyed.
Japan is well known for its hearty noodle dishes. Try thick udon noodles, made from wheat, or thin soba noodles, made from buckwheat. Although it originated in China, the noodle dish ramen is now a Japanese cultural icon. Each region has its own variation but ramen is usually served in a broth that can be flavoured with soy or miso and topped with sliced meat or vegetables.
Noodle dishes, as well as group dishes called Japanese Tapas, feature on the menu at an izakaya. This Japanese version of a pub is a popular place to meet friends for a drink and a meal after a long day at the office.

Zaru soba is delicious served cold

Sushi melts in your mouth

Hot sukiyaki will warm you in winter

Crispy tempura − deep-fried fare

Immaculate sweets
Photos courtesy of JNTO

"Gora-kadan" ryokan in Hakodate, famous for its beautiful kaiseki

Enjoy a peaceful sleep on traditional futon bedding at a ryokan

TRAVELHIGHLIGHTS

TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN
Relax in a RYOKAN
旅館
Ryokan, the traditional inns of Japan, provide a uniquely Japanese experience to travellers. First appearing in the Edo period of the 17th and 18th centuries, ryokan are fitted with such quintessentially Japanese decor as tatami floors, sliding shoji paper doors and authentic futon mattresses. Guests dress in cotton kimonos, called yukata, and dine at low tables on thin flat cushions.
As ryokan are mostly found in the country's scenic regional areas, many have access to alfresco natural hot springs or man-made outdoor baths called rotenburo. Even those in urban areas will often feature a common bathing area so that guests can indulge in the time-honoured Japanese tradition of relaxing and invigorating body and mind in naturally hot mineral waters. A hot spring will warm you on even the coldest winter night.
Ryokan are staffed by friendly employees who are famed for their attention to detail when it comes to meals. Meals can be served in your room or in the dining room, where kaiseki trays of authentic Japanese cuisine feature as many colours as tastes. Ryokan meals are an art form that can be appreciated for their appearance and arrangement as much as for their subtle flavours.
Staying in a ryokan is the perfect opportunity to immerse yourself in Japan's truly unique culture.

Feel the warmth of Japanese hospitality

Experience calm in idyllic natural surround

Relax in the ryokan's onsen
Photos courtesy of JNTO

Enkoji temple in Kyoto, famous for its vibrant autumn colours

TRAVELHIGHLIGHTS
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN
歴史
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN
Travel BACK In Time

Wonder at the beauty and history of Japan's ancient capitals, Kyoto and Nara, cities thousands of years old but still vibrant and exciting. Get in touch with the mysteries of the past to enjoy a new side of the Japan you thought you knew.
Experience the Japan of silence and simplicity at Kyoto's Ryoanji temple, with its iconic stone garden that provokes calm and curiosity from visitors even centuries after its construction. Kinkakuji and Ginkakuji, the Gold and Silver Pavilions, lead you through peaceful and majestic gardens of moss and bamboo: every twist in their paths invites you to even more beautiful new glades. Byodoin is famous for its Phoenix Hall, seen on the Japanese 10-yen coin and replicated full-size in the Valley of the Temples, Hawaii. Kiyomizudera, in the foothills of Kyoto's eastern mountain range, is the temple of pure water whose three waterfalls offer health, long life and wisdom to visitors who drink from them. Built during the 8th century, Kiyomizudera's grand timber deck is an icon of historical Japanese architecture.
Travel even further back in time on a journey to Nara, Japan's first capital city, which is spread across the rolling green hills of the Yamato region. Take a stroll with one of the many friendly English-speaking volunteer guides as they show you around the sights of the nation's first great centre of political and religious power. Horyuji and Todaiji are just two of the must-see examples of architectural achievement. While you're there, take a photo of the placid deer that roam the temple grounds and parklands of Nara.

Enjoy a full day of entertainment with family and old friends at Tokyo Disneyland
©Disney

TRAVELHIGHLIGHTS
Let Japan ENTERTAIN You
娯楽
TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN

Japan is brimming with entertainment options. Karaoke was invented here and is a must-try for the authentic experience. You can rent a private room, so you can sing your heart out with only your friends as your audience. Food and drink are also available.
There are aquariums, zoos and amusement parks all over Japan too. When it comes to large-scale theme parks, Tokyo Disneyland in Chiba prefecture and Universal Studios Japan in Osaka are top of the class. Sanrio Puroland in Tokyo, a theme park that sells Hello Kitty products, also has many fans.
It's also great fun to explore the gourmet theme parks found across Japan, such as the Ramen Museum and Curry Museum, both in Yokohama. Gyoza Stadium, celebrating Japan's famous fried dumplings, can be found in Osaka and Ikebukuro, Tokyo. And get your just desserts at Jiyugaoka Sweets Forest in Tokyo.
There are museums dedicated to Japan's celebrated pop culture, anime and manga. Mitaka Forest Ghibli Museum, managed by film director Hayao Miyazaki, the Suginami Animation Museum and Kyoto International Manga Museum are all popular.
But don't forget the great outdoors. Japan's mountains, rivers and beaches offer countless outdoor activities. Trekking, skiing, driving, abseiling, rafting, paragliding, fishing and surfing are just a few options.
Many visitors ease their weary muscles after outdoor pursuits at an onsen (hot spring) resort. But even if you didn't climb a mountain, you can easily experience the onsen atmosphere at one of the Super Sento (urban onsen) dotted around Japan. Many facilities also have stone saunas, also said to be good for your health. (J)

Watch sumo, Japan's national sport

Sing your heart out in the birthplace of karaoke
©JNTO

Be dazzled by Minato Mirai in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefectur

You can find a whole range of traditional souvenirs, like these Lacquerware bowls
©JNTO

TOP 7 THINGS TO DO IN JAPAN

Explore a
SHOPAHOLIC's
Paradise

ショッピング

Shopaholics take note: Japan is a shopping paradise! Tokyo in particular has numerous famous shopping precincts jostling each other to attract foreign tourists. One of the most famous is Akihabara "Electric Town" − an area devoted to electronic goods, including cameras, computer parts, anime and robots. Harajuku has become a Mecca for youth fashion because it offers a lively mix of local and international designers, affordable shopping and eclectic streetwear.
In Ginza, an upmarket shopping district, flagship stores of famous luxury brands line the streets. Tokyo is now the most important market for global brands such as Armani, Cartier, Bulgari, Tiffany & Co. and Louis Vuitton.
Japan is also the king of "fast fashion" − re-making runway styles at an affordable price to allow mainstream consumers to emulate the latest trends. It is estimated Spanish-owned Zara, which has over 30 stores throughout Japan, rotates stock every four weeks and can take a new product from design to delivery in just six weeks, beating the industry average of six months. Popular fast-fashion stores include Europe's Topshop and H&M, as well as America's Kitson, famous for its slogan T-shirts.
In the major cities, department stores (hyakkaten) such as Mitsukoshi, Isetan and Takashimaya offer everything from clothing to homewares, food and traditional Japanese goods like kimonos. Large shopping malls are also flourishing in Japan's cities. If you're looking for unique Japanese items as well as goods from across the globe, check out Tokyo Midtown in Akasaka, the Roppongi Hills mega-complex in the Roppongi district, Yebisu Garden Place in Shibuya and Omotesando Hills, situated on Omotesando, the famous shopping road in Tokyo's classy Aoyama district.
Flagship stores of famous luxury brands line the streets in Ginza

Flagship stores of famous luxury brands line the streets in Ginza

Furano’s aromatic lavender field
©Furano Lavender Hill / ©Furano / ©JNTO

Making a splash in summer

Daisetsuzan, first to show its autumn colours

Inquisitive Ezo deer inhabit Hokkaido

Hokkaido may be most famous for its snowy winter slopes and ski resorts but the natural beauty of Japan's northern island offers spectacular scenery and alpine adventures, worth visiting anytime of year. Take a scenic drive across this colourful northern treasure, stopping to enjoy the freshest seafood and agricultural produce as well as Hokkaido's own distinctive beer. Getting there is easy: take a short flight from Tokyo, or take your time and start your sightseeing with a train or ferry journry.

SKIING!

The Powder
Hunter's Bounty

Hokkaido is famous for some of the world's best powder snow. The ski resort town of Niseko combines excellent facilities and services and is a favourite for Australian skiers and snowboarders, while the growing popularity of Rusutsu, Tomamu and Furano means Hokkaido is fast becoming one of the hottest cold spots around.

NISEKO

Powder Mecca

Located in Shirebeshi, in southwest Hokkaido, Niseko enjoys the best of the chilly winds from Siberia which grace its slopes with over 15 metres of high quaity powder snow every year, a fact that hasn't escaped international attention. Niseko has earned a prominent place on the world ski map; just ask one of the five to six thousand Australians who visited the region last year.
Not only does the town have superb snow, it caters to Australian tourists with English language services and specialist lodging in large, serviced resorts such as Niseko Grand Hirafu Ski Resort, Niseko Village and Niseko An'nupuri. Australian investors have been building luxury apartments for foreigners too, giving Niseko a unique mix of Japanese and international tourist culture. Travelling around the area is made especially hassle-free, with high-speed chair lifts and a free shuttle bus service operating between all Niseko's ski resorts.

Picturesque view of Yoteizan from Niseko

Carving some powder at Niseko

Plenty to keep the kids amused

The fun continues after dark

Niseko's

Ski
Resorts

1 Niseko Grand Hirafu Ski Resort

The Grand Hirafu is one of the many resorts in Niseko to cater for Australian and other foreign visitors. Ski and snowboard lessons, as well as scenic tours, are provided in English and the "kids park", rental services and numerous convenience stores will delight families. There is even an Australian-run pub!

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 16
Number of runs: 30
Longest run: 5600m
Maximum elevation: 1200m
Steepest slope: 40 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 38%, Advanced 32%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Late November until early May
Other: Park facilities include waves, banks and rails.

2 Niseko Village Ski Resort

This all-season resort combines the excitement of skiing with a luxurious lifestyle. Set against a stunning natural backdrop and beautiful view of Mount Yotei, Niseko Village is not too crowded, offering maximum skiing freedom. A number of non-ski activities are also available, offering an unforgettable winter vacation experience.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 7
Number of runs: 27
Longest run: 5000m
Maximum elevation: 1029m
Steepest slope: 35 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 36%, Intermediate 32%, Advanced 32%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Late November until early May
Other: Park facilities include tables, kickers and rails.

3 Niseko An'nupuri Ski Resort

An'nupuri may have a reputation for temperamental weather but the pay-off is excellent snowfalls from December to May. The resort offers 13 runs, many of them wide and easy to ski, which builds confidence in beginners while challenging intermediate skiers.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 6
Number of runs: 13
Longest run: 4000m
Maximum elevation: 1156m
Steepest slope: 34 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 30%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Late November until early May
Other: Park facilities include snow tubing.

Free-flying in Tomamu

TOMAMU

Ski like a pro

Tomamu, a haven for professional skiers and boarders, is nestled in the Hidaka mountains, about a 2-hour drive from Sapporo. It offers the unique Advanced Skier Liberation Area, an untouched zone where experienced skiers can break free from the hustle of the main slopes and explore fresh snowfalls. For the ultimate escape, visitors can even hire a private spot to ski. The slopes are groomed twice daily and host a range of activities including hot-air ballooning, snow-mobiling and dog-sledding. Heli-skiing and CAT-skiing are available for the adventurous, while families might prefer the Adventure Mountain amusement park.
Relax with a hot drink at the Ice Cafe in Ice Village, populated by igloo-inspired huts that are illuminated at night. Or put on some gloves and explore the Ice Hotel and the Ice Church. There are also luxurious accommodation options such as the Galleria Tower, and over 15 restaurants to satisfy any appetite.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 11
Number of runs: 17
Longest run: 4500m
Maximum elevation: 1210m
Steepest slope: 35 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 30%
Night skiing: Yes, until 19:00
Season: Early December until mid-April
Other: Park facilities include rails, tables, and boxes.

Even experts can't fault the smooth snow at Rusutsu

RUSUTSU Small is beautiful

Located in Shiribeshi, about an hour and a half's drive from Sapporo, Rusutsu is one of the premier ski resorts in Hokkaido. Recently awarded Best Small Resort by Britain’s The Great Skiing and Snowboarding Guide, Rusutsu is a must-see for beginners and advanced skiers alike. The snow here is dry with a fine, smooth texture, which is great for downhill but also cross-country skiing, dog-sledding and snow-mobiling. An amusement park and Hokkaido’s largest golf course are open during the summer months. If you’re looking for relaxation, Rusutsu offers steaming hot springs and countless Japanese, Chinese and Western restaurants and fast-food outlets. The four accommodation options in Rusutsu are Highland Lodge, Travel Lodge, North and South Wings and the 24-storey Rusutsu Tower, a hotel boasting a new chairlift to transport guests straight to the slopes.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 19
Number of runs: 37
Longest run: 3500m
Maximum elevation: 994m
Steepest slope: 40 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 30%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Early December until early April
Other: Park facilities include boxes, waves, kickers and rails.

DRIVING!

Drive a Trail
of Treasures

Hokkaido is the second largest island in Japan, so the best way to explore its natural treasures and exciting cities is by car. Then you can take in the sights, tastes and adventure of this northern gem at your leisure. Renting a car in Japan is easy; all you need is an international driver's licence. The roads in Hokkaido are generally wide and the road rules much the same as those in Australia, including driving on the left. Most rental companies provide useful information in English on their websites and each car is generally equipped with an English-speaking GPS navigator.

1 Asahiyama Zoo

Located in Asahikawa, central Hokkaido, this menagerie of animals from around the world is one of the most famous zoos in Japan. The individual habitats ― such as the walk-through Penguin Aquarium, the Orang-utan Trapeze, the Polar Bear Aquatic Park and the Seal Aquarium ― were designed to maximise interaction between the animals and their visitors.
www5.city.asahikawa.hokkaido.jp/asahiyamazoo

©Asahiyama Zoo

2 Bear Mountain

Usually known for its winter sports, Sahoro Resort is also home to Bear Mountain. This 15-hectare brown bear sanctuary keeps 18 male bears within a natural enclosure. The bears can be observed in their natural state from a high-rise walkway.
www.bear-mt.jp

©Hakodate International Tourism and Convention Association ©JNTO

3 Hakodate

One of the few ports to permit foreign trade in the 19th century, Hakodate is now a booming city at the southern tip of Hokkaido. The city hosts a flotilla of squid-catching boats every August, which illuminate the port to celebrate the Hakodate Port Festival. Adjacent to the 334-metre Mount Hakodate, this city is one of the historical symbols of Hokkaido

4 Shiretoko
National Park

This national park, which covers most of the Shiretoko Peninsula in northeast Hokkaido, is one of the most remote areas in Japan. Designated a World Heritage site in 2005, it can only be accessed on foot or by boat. Its birch and oak forests are home to a number of endangered species and the largest population of brown bears in Japan. Hot spring Kamuiwakka Falls is another stunning attraction. The nearby Okhotsk Ryu-hyo (Drift Ice) Museum replicates the winter chill of the Sea of Okhotsk.
www.shiretoko.or.jp
www.ryuhyokan.com

©Furano Lavender Hill / ©Furano /©JNTO

5 Lavender fields of Furano

From April to August, the lavender fields of Furano, in central Hokkaido, provide a chance for travellers to enjoy the calming experience of vast scented fields of deep purple. Farm Tomita and Saika Farm are the top fields to visit, with shops selling various flower products. You can also attend a perfume workshop or the dried flower house and enquire about a wedding service in the lavender fields.

6 Hot-air ballooning

Hot-air ballooning at 1000 metres is a truly memorable experience, offering aerial views that can be enjoyed by adults and children. Both Tomamu and Furano ski resorts offer ballooning over their pristine, snow-covered slopes during winter. You might even catch a magical glimpse of small ice crystals, known as "diamond dust", floating in the air.

7 Rafting

Rafting companies in Hokkaido offer fun, family-friendly rafting packages that often include barbeques after the day's paddling. More extreme kayaking and canyoning packages are also available. The Mukawa/Saru River, Shiribetsu River, Toyohira River and Ishikari River are the best whitewater rivers and The Saru River is particulary great for family rafting as it is suitable for children as young as five years of age.

©JNTO

8 Lake Akan

Lake Akan, near Akan town has natural hot springs, created by volcanic heat, while Lake Akan Observatory, various boat cruises and bokke ― a small mud volcano located on the lake ― offer enjoyable sightseeing opportunities. Ainu Kotan Village in Akan is home to the Ainu, an indigenous people of Japan, and offers many cultural activities and festivals such as the Iomante Fire Festival. Lake Akan is also one of the few places in the world where you will find marimo, endangered mossy spheres of algae, and the annual Marimo Festival.

Rare marimo moss

The Tohoku region consists of six prefectures: Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Miyagi, Fukushima and Yamagata. It is often called "michinoku" which is loosely derived from the Japanese word for "off the beaten track", and is regarded as something of a secret mountainous kingdom. These days, with the frequent bullet trains, as well as its abundant natural offerings and unique culture, it is a popular tourist spot. With quality ski resorts similar to those in Hokkaido and Nagano, excellent hot springs and delicious local delicacies, Tohoku is sure to reward any visitor.

TRAVELTOHOKU
SIGHTSEEING
A Region For All Seasons

Winter is much anticipated throughout the Tohoku region. However, you don’t have to wait for the snow to enjoy what Tohoku has to offer. Many of Tohoku's finest sightseeing locations are accessible throughout the year.
Matsushima in Miyagi prefecture has a range of stunning sightseeing options, cultivating its reputation as one of the country's top three scenic spots.
Each of its 260-plus pine-covered islands is named according to its appearance or unique features. For example, Kanejima (Bell Island) was so called because of the bell-like sound created by waves crashing nearby.
Within the heart of Miyagi prefecture you'll also discover the picturesque Naruko Gorge. Numerous walking tracks provide access to the breathtaking landscape surrounding the gorge, which is 100 metres deep and stretches over 2.5 kilometres. Visit in autumn to make the most of the vibrant foliage dancing in shades of yellow, red and orange.
Extending over 600 kilometres, the Sanriku Coastline runs from northern Miyagi into southern Aomori prefecture. Also known as the Rias Coast, it has been devastated by past earthquakes and tsunamis, but is now famous for its limestone caves, marble rocks and "singing sand", so called because of the sound it makes when walked on.
Bordering the Akita and Aomori prefectures is the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Shirakami-sanchi, literally "white god mountain area". This famous park boasts an unspoiled forest of Japanese beech trees accessible on foot by meandering mountain trails.
Nestled in the northernmost part of Aomori lies the Oirase mountain stream. Originating from Lake Towada, the cool waters flow 14 kilometres from Nenokuchi to Takeyama where they perfectly reflect the colourful foliage, making this spot an ideal place to see the best and purest of Japan’s natural environment.

At Matsushima, 260 islands both large and small dot the ocean off the coast

Naruko Gorge is famous for its beautiful scenery, especially in autumn

Yellow daylilies bloom gloriously in the wetlands near Okuninuma Lake
Left: Genbikei Gorge's emerald green river is even more beautiful when autumn leaves change colour

Aomori Nebuta Festival floats bear fearsome papier-mache masks

FESTIVAL

Lively Festivals And Feasts

Get a taste of Japan in celebration mode with three of Tohoku's biggest festivals. The largest is Aomori Nebuta Festival (August 2-7) where over three million people watch a parade of floats accompanied by costumed street dancers. The streets are decorated with brightly coloured streamers and balls for the Sendai Tanabata Festival in Miyagi (August 6-8) and Akita Kanto Festival (August 3-6) features a procession of 46 candle-lit lanterns to pray for an abundant harvest.

Over 10,000 lanterns light the city during Akita Kanto festival

Beautiful bamboo decorations at Sendai Tanabata Festival

DINE
Tempt Your Taste Buds

Take a measure of traditional Japanese cuisine, add a pinch of originality and stir vigorously and you’ll have Tohoku cuisine. From freshest Matsushima oysters to the globally acclaimed Tohoku sake, prepare to have your taste buds tantalised.

Kiritanpo
A delicacy of Akita prefecture, Kiritanpo, "skewers of mashed cooked rice", are delicious when served with a dollop of sweet miso paste. Alternatively, the skewers can be cut into sections and used as rice dumplings for soup. In autumn, locals add the dumplings to a mouth-watering chicken stew.

Inaniwa udon
These thinner-than-average udon noodles are said to be the best in Japan. The wheat noodles have a soft texture and delicate taste and can be enjoyed with a variety of hot, appetising broths. Called "inaniwa zaru udon", they are also tasty chilled and served with a garnish of seaweed.

Kaki (oysters)
Proving that size can never beat quality, Matsushima boasts some of the smallest and most succulent oysters in Japan. A number of restaurants in Matsushima specialise in Kaki dishes, including Japanese-style raw oysters (seasoned with soy sauce and vinegar), oyster hotpot, oyster tempura and fried oysters.

Gyu-Tan (beef tongue)
The Tohoku region produces some of the best beef in Japan. While you may not have considered eating cow's tongue, the exceptional taste and firm texture of this delicacy make it a crowdpleaser for meat lovers. Gyu-tan cooks perfectly on a barbecue or can be simply enjoyed as a tasty treat on its own.

ONSEN
The Tohoku area is truly blessed when it comes to producing some of the nation’s best onsen hotspots along with an abundance of ryokan traditional inns. Whether it is attaining beautiful skin or enjoying the therapeutic waters, you will find multiple bathing benefits throughout this northern region.
Following are some of Tohoku's best:

In winter, Lake Tazawa Plateau onsen's open-air baths offer scenic views of the snow-covered countryside and nearby lake

Zao onsen's close proximity to ski slopes makes it a popular spot in winter

Iwate's popular Geto onsen is situated beside the Geto River and is steeped in rustic atmosphere

Kaminoyama onsen in Yamagata is where the movie Departures was filmed

Tohoku's
Onsen

Hotspots
Guide

1 Towadako onsen
Water type: Weak salt springs, sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments, chronic dermatitis and women's ailments

2 Asamushi onsen
Water type: Sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for chronic digestive disorders.

3 Nyuto onsen
Water type: Bicarbonate springs, sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments, as well as burns, cuts and chronic dermatitis.

4 Lake Tazawa Plateau onsen
Water type: Sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure and diabetes

5 Hanamaki onsen
Water type: Regular thermal springs
Water properties: Good for chronic dermatitis and chronic digestive disorders.

6 Geto Kogen onsen
Water type: Sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments, high blood pressure and women's ailments.

7 Zao onsen
Water type: Iron springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments, as well as burns, cuts and chronic dermatitis.

8 Kaminoyama onsen
Water type: Chloride springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments and women's ailments.

9 Sakunami onsen
Water type: Regular thermal springs,　sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments.

10 Akiu onsen
Water type: Chloride springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments.

11 Bandai Atami onsen
Water type: Sulphur springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments.

12 Aizu Higashiyama onsen
Water type: Chloride springs
Water properties: Good for general ailments, chronic dermatitis,burns and cuts.

Tohoku's powder snow conditions rival Hokkaido's and are fast gaining areputation

SKIING

Become a powder monster

Hokkaido may have a reputation for having Japan's premier ski resorts, but the Tohoku region has　more than a few tricks up its sleeve. Set amongst a landscape of untrammelled beauty and wilderness, and with plenty of feather-light snow, it's an ideal place to escape the crowds and have a mountain all to yourself.
Alts Bandai resort in Fukushima Prefecture is the ultimate playground for daredevil skiers and boarders looking for an instant shot of adrenaline. With Asia's longest freestyle slope, a massive 1700 metres, Bandai is an extreme sports haven but also caters to skiers and boarders of all levels.
Further north is Zao, in Yamagata Prefecture, the location of an intriguing visual spectacle. In addition to a sensational collection of resorts and runs, Zao regularly makes headlines for its collection of juhyo – frosted, snow-laden trees called "snow monsters" that line the slopes, standing guard as you carve up the snow.
Hakkoda and Appi are both located in the northernmost Aomori prefecture, but they are very different ski areas. Hakkoda declares its ungroomed runs to be some of the most extreme on offer, attracting adventurers wanting to experience the unexpected. Appi, on the other hand, has snow described as "aspirin snow" and is considered more family-friendly, even providing a special kids-only ski area.Tohoku's powder snow conditions rival Hokkaido's and are fast gaining a reputation

In Yamagata, Zao ski resort is famous for its beautiful "snow monsters" − snow-covered trees that have frozen into mesmerising ice sculptures

ZAO
How Now, White Zao

Described as one of the most visually enticing resort areas in Japan, Zao is a superb attraction for those who want to delight their eyes as well as their muscles. Snow-frosted juhyo guard the slopes, providing a picturesque backdrop by day and a mystifying landscape at night. After blissfully exploring over 305 hectares of snow terrain, you can complete the Zao experience in one of the many invigorating hot springs at the base of the mountain.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 67
Number of runs: 70
Longest run: 9000m
Maximum elevation: 1661m
Steepest slope: 38 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 39%, Intermediate 38%,Advanced 23%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Early December until early May.

The untramelled beauty of Hakkoda

HAKKODA
Hardcore Hakkoda

Hakkoda's unique snow trails remain virtually untouched and ungroomed throughout the season, giving purists the ultimate adrenaline rush. The steepest trail can be found at Mount Akakura. Nicknamed Bakuretsu Shamen, or "Exploding Slope", its name alone promises an exhilarating adventure. Needless to say, it is recommended you consult a qualified skier within the area for professional guidance when facing this challenging terrain.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 3
Number of runs: 5
Longest run: 7000m
Maximum elevation: 1324m
Steepest slope: 30 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 20%, Intermediate 60%,Advanced 20%
Night skiing: No
Season: Late November until mid-May.

Alts Bandai is very popular with snowboarders

ALTS BANDAI
Boarding Alts Bandai

Boasting over 30 kilometres of skiable slopes, Alts Bandai is one of the largest ski resorts in Japan. Bandai hosted the Nissan X-Trail Nippon Open Snowboard Championships, but isn’t only for highly-skilled boarders; it smoothly accommodates skiers and boarders of all levels. And the icing on this rich, snow-filled cake is the easy access, it's less than three hours from Tokyo by train.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 11
Number of runs: 29
Longest run: 3000m
Maximum elevation: 1280m
Steepest slope: 37 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 35%, Intermediate 40%,Advanced 25%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Mid December until early April.

Inawashiro ski resort has a spectacular view looking down on Lake Inawashiro

INAWASHIRO
Don’t Rush Inawashiro

Located within the Aizu district of Fukushima prefecture, Inawashiro proudly boasts two ski resorts half-way up the magnificent Bandai mountain in Bandai Asahi National Park. First up and famed as a sightseeing paradise surrounded by regionally acclaimed onsen hotspots is the Inawashiro Resort. Digging deeper into the mountainous backdrop is the Inawashiro Ski Area complete with 15 runs over the Central and Minero areas.

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 13
Number of runs: 26
Longest run: 3000m
Maximum elevation: 1819m
Steepest slope: 40 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 50%, Advanced 20%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Mid-December until early April.

Appi ski resort counts as having amongst the largest number and variety of ski slopes in Japan

APPI
If You’re Appi And You Know It

Home of the much acclaimed "aspirin snow", Appi boasts quality powder like nowhere else, including the famous Hokkaido. A snow-lover’s sanctuary, it has over 45 kilometres of trails ranging from gentle bunny slopes for beginners to steep screamers for advanced skiers. And with one of the highest hourly lift capacities in Japan (28,000 people), all are easily accessed. Appi is an ideal family getaway too, with a special children's ski area and nightly snow illuminations to entertain kids and adults alike. Promising a breathtaking natural landscape and abundant facilities, Appi will keep you, well, happy! (J)

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 67
Number of runs: 70
Longest run: 9000m
Maximum elevation: 1661m
Steepest slope: 38 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 39%, Intermediate 38%, Advanced 23%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Early December until early May.

HOKKAIDO

TOHOKU

NAGANO and NIIGATA

GIFU and ISHIKAWA

TOCHIGI and GUNMA

TOKYO

OSAKA

KYOTO and SHIGA

KII PENINSULA

HIROSHIMA

KYUSHU and OKINAWA

Nozawa Onsen Ski Resort in Nagano prefecture
©Yasufumi Nishi/©JNTO

Even when it's snowing, Nagano and Niigata are hot. Situated in the north of the beautiful Japanese Alps on the island of Honshu, these two ski regions boast Olympic-standard runs at resorts like Hakuba, Shiga Kogen and Naeba that are sure to get yourheart racing and your temperature rising. Stay warm after a day on the slopes with a relaxing bath in a hot spring or a steaming gourmet hotpot. Summer activities heat up with a bonfire festival. Even the people are warm and welcoming!

1. Giant fireworks from the famous Nagaoka Festival in Niigata prefecture

2. Niigata beauties who grew up in areas of high snowfall

3. Delicious sake and rice are the pride of Niigata

4. Yarigatake in Niigata prefecture is revered by mountain-climbers

Snowboarding in an offpiste area of Hakuba

HAKUBA
Ski like an Olympian

The Hakuba valley, deep in the heart of the Japanese Alps, was put on the map when, in 1998, many of the major events of the Nagano Winter Olympics were held on its slopes. Remembered as the Olympic Games that debuted snowboarding, Nagano and Niigata have since becoming increasingly popular with Australians.
Hakuba, like other resorts in the region, offers a variety of terrain and plenty of challenges for skiers and snowboarders of all levels. Best of all, it is easy to access from Tokyo or Osaka. Just like Niseko in Hokkaido, Hakuba also has many Aussie-run lodges.
Hakuba Goryu and Hakuba 47 are two of the biggest resorts in the area. Goryu boasts as many as 16 runs over wide, smooth slopes. Hakuba 47, with average snow depths of up to 263 centimetres, is snowboarder heaven with the best terrain park in the valley.
If you're after variety, consider buying a common pass to the Hakuba Sun Alpina Sanosaka resort. The pass covers Sanosaka, Aokiko and Kashimayari, enabling you to ski at any of these three locations, as well as Cortina and Norikura, two smaller but equally snow-laden resorts. Hakuba Highland Snow Park is another great resort, best suited for families wanting to enjoy leisurely skiing together on long runs with beautiful views.
The largest ski resort in the valley is Happo-One (pronounced "Happo Oh-neh"). Close to the centre of Hakuba village, with easy access to the slopes straight from Hakuba train station, it has the most above-tree-line skiable snow in all of Japan. The fearsome downhill event, where skiers reach speeds in excess of 130 kmh was held here during the 1998 Winter Olympics. Snowboarders and skiers alike can enjoy runs of varying length and difficulty, the longest around eight kilometres.
Just two stops from Hakuba train station is another large resort, Tsugaike Kogen. Sightseers can enjoy one of the longest gondola rides in Japan and the wide expanse of quality powder snow at Tsugaike Kogen suits a range of activities, including cross-country skiing and backcountry hiking on snowshoes.
Tsugaike Kogen also has great downhill skiing and snowboarding. Thanks to its position at the north of the Hakuba valley, Tsugaike Kogen gets the best of the snow coming to the valley and is particularly popular with intermediate skiers looking to take their skills to the next level. Snowboarders can also enjoy the challenging slopes and variety of terrain.
If you want to rise to the top, Hakuba Iwatake is the place for you: it's on the highest mountain in the Hakuba valley. Being so high up, Hakuba Iwatake boasts some of the most beautiful vistas in the region. Wide, open-faced slopes enhance the excellent scenery, providing plenty to look at during exhilarating downhill runs. The most popular run is the meandering Sunny Valley which, at just under four kilometres, will give your thighs a workout. Hakuba Iwatake is part of the resort group that includes Happo-One and Tsugaike Kogen, so all three can be accessed using the same ski pass.
Snowboarders will be equally happy with Hakuba Iwatake's terrain park and two half-pipes. And there's no need to worry if you bust a wrong move – the soft powder snow will gently cushion all but the heaviest falls.

Snow-loving local girls

Sukiyaki hot pot

Hakuba's magnificent ski resort, the site of the 1998 Winter Olympics

Hakuba Goryu

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 13
Number of runs: 16
Longest run: 5000m
Maximum elevation: 1676m
Steepest slope: 35 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 35%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 25%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:30
Season: Late November until early May
Other: Park facilities include rails, boxes, walls and a quarter pipe.

Hakuba 47

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 6
Number of runs: 8
Longest run: 6400m
Maximum elevation: 1610m
Steepest slope: 32 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 30%
Night Skiing: No
Season: Late November until early May
Other: Park facilities include kickers, rails, boxes, walls and cross country terrain.

Happo-One

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 27
Number of runs: 13
Longest run: 8000m
Maximum elevation: 1831m
Steepest slope: 35 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 50%, Advanced 20%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Early December until early May
Other: Park facilities include quarter pipe.

Tsugaike Kogen

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 19
Number of runs: 37
Longest run: 3500m
Maximum elevation: 994m
Steepest slope: 40 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 30%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Late November until early May
Other: Park facilities include quarter pipe and tables.

Hakuba Iwatake

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 16
Number of runs: 15
Longest run: 3800m
Maximum elevation: 1289m
Steepest slope: 35 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 50%, Advanced 20%
Night skiing: No
Season: Mid December until late March
Other: Park facilities include the slopestyle kickers, rails and wave.

Don't jump!

Japan's most famous ski jump stadium is located in Hakuba. It was built in 1992 and used for the 1998 Winter Olympic Games and various World Cup events. Take a chairlift from the base of Happo-One ski resort to the observation deck at 90 or 120 metres, look down at the dizzying view a professional ski jumper would have and experience the rush of extreme winter sports without moving a muscle.

SHIGA KOGEN
Japan's largest resort

Shiga Kogen is the largest ski resort in Japan

With 21 different ski fields linked together by one lift ticket, Nagano's Shiga Kogen is without a doubt the biggest single ski resort in all of Japan. The highlands stretch out across the Joshinetsu National Park, making Shiga Kogen a resort of stunning geographical beauty, and only 60 kilometres from Nagano City.
Chosen as the site of a number of Winter Olympics events in 1998, including the giant slalom, this ski and snowboard paradise boasts a staggering 84 different runs with over 76 lifts and ropeways. Thanks to its sheer size, the resort provides runs suited to all levels, all interlinked and accessible with one convenient lift pass. The diverse terrain at Shiga Kogen offers something for everyone, from nature-walking on snowshoes to night skiing. One day is definitely not enough to explore this massive resort.

Monkeying around

©JNTO

Located in Yudanaka shibu onsen, next to Shiga Kogen ski resort is Jigokudani Monkey Park. This park is said to be the only place in the world where you can see wild monkeys bathing in hot springs. Over 200 of these photogenic Japanese macaques, affectionately known as "snow monkeys", can be seen playing in the snow and relaxing in the warming hot springs. Their thick fur and human-like features make them very charismatic creatures.
For more information see, www.yudanaka-shibuonsen.com

Shiga Kogen

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 76
Number of runs: 84
Longest run: 6000m
Maximum elevation: 2305m
Steepest slope: 39 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 33%, Intermediate 47%, Advanced 20%
Night skiing: No
Season: Early December until early May
Other: Park facilities include kickers, rails, boxes, and tables.

Nozawa Onsen
Who dares wins

Nozawa Onsen offers ski slopes with unique characteristics

Located about an hour north of Nagano City, Nozawa Onsen has a long history as one of Japan's top onsen destinations. With the increasing popularity of skiing in the 20th century, Nozawa Onsen soon earned its reputation as a premier winter sports destination too.
The resort features 20 runs with a good balance of beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. Cross-country courses are available and first-timers will find plenty of opportunities to develop their abilities. Hosting events during the 1998 Winter Olympics, the slopes also include more demanding runs such as Kandahar, which was once open only to competitors but can now be attempted by anyone who dares!
Snowboarders haven't been forgotten: Nozawa has a half-pipe and some of the best powder snow in the world. Thanks to some special plastic mats at Yamabiko Sports Park you can even ski here in summer!

Local produce

When you visit Nozawa Onsen, be sure to try some of the region's unique produce. The leafy Nozawana vegetable, local to the area, is made into some mouth-watering delicacies. Following autumn harvest, the plant is made into Nozawana-zuke pickle by washing the broad leaves in natural hot spring water and soaking them in brine. It makes a zesty alternative to the usual nori wrapping on sushi. The oyaki, a bite-sized pastry, also uses this local vegetable and is delicious when served hot.

Fresh powder is a skiers best friend

Try delicious local food in downtown Nozawa Onsen

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 20
Number of runs: 20
Longest run: 10,000m
Maximum elevation: 1650m
Steepest slope: 39 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 40%, Intermediate 30%, Advanced 30%
Night skiing: Yes, until 20:00
Season: Early December until early May
Other: Park facilities include, kickers, rails, boxes and walls.

Happy skiers at "snow paradise" Myoko Kogen.

NAEBA AND MYOKO KOGEN
Ski in style

Naeba in Niigata Prefecture is known as the "Aspen of Japan" for its stunning ski fields and fashionable apres-ski scene. The focus of the resort is the Prince Hotel, which is not so much a hotel as an entertainment complex featuring 23 restaurants, shopping and more. It also co-manages the resort. With over 24 lifts plus gondolas at the resort, you won't want to spend too much time indoors, however. Take a ride on the "Dragondola" which stretches a staggering 5.5 kilometres up the slopes. In the off-season, Naeba transforms into a summer oasis of cool outdoor recreation, and is home to the annual Fuji Rock Festival.
Myoko Kogen also consistently makes the "best Japanese ski destination" lists. Go for extremes, experiencing the longest and the steepest. Myoko Suginohara resort lays claim to one of the longest ski runs in Japan, a mammoth 8.5 kilometres bound to satisfy skiers with stamina. Meanwhile, Akakura Onsen is home to one of the country's steepest ski runs, ominously named "The Wall".

Snow Trekking

Snowshoe trekking is a perfect way for people of all ages to experience the gentler side of Japan's alpine wilderness. Whether it's the delight of discovering wildlife tracks in fresh snow or just enjoying the pristine scenery and the enveloping peacefulness of walking through a landscape blanketed in sparkling snow, these guided tours are both reasonably priced and a great way to see the beautiful natural surrounds of the Myoko highlands.

Naeba

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 24
Number of runs: 27
Longest run: 4000m
Maximum elevation: 1789m
Steepest slope: 32 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 30%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 30%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Middle November until early May
Other: Park facilities include kickers, rails, boxes, and pipes.

Myoko Kogen

Number of lifts (Incl. gondolas): 48
Number of runs: 71
Longest run: 8500m
Maximum elevation: 1855m
Steepest slope: 41 degrees
Terrain: Beginners 40%, Intermediate 40%, Advanced 20%
Night skiing: Yes, until 21:00
Season: Middle November until early April
Other: Park facilities include kickers, rails, banks, and tables.

1. Nozawa Onsen's downtown area is best explored wearing yukata from the inn and walking
©JNTO

Hot Springs
Soak it up

With all that skiing, you're bound to need some relaxation time. Fortunately, Nagano and Niigata have a range of soothing onsen, or hot spring baths. There are so many to choose from, the only difficulty is deciding which one to try. If you have the time, you could embark on an "onsen crawl" and try them all.
In Nagano, Nozawa Onsen has 13 free public hot springs, meaning easy access to the soothing spa waters wherever you are in town. Here you can relax surrounded by idyllic mountain-village scenery enshrouded in snow, and watch white wisps of steam curl upwards from the many hot natural springs.
Nearby Shirahone boasts 10 natural springs located around the town, and Akakura onsen is popular for its therapeutic waters. Echigo Yuzawa onsen town in Niigata has been around for over 800 years and is the setting for Kawabata's Nobel Prize-winning novel Snow Country, which you could read while soaking in the waters. Also in Niigata are the Tsukioka hot springs, a long-time rest stop for pilgrims visiting the nearby shrine at Mt Yahiko.

2. Footbath onsen are a relaxing treat for visitors to enjoy
©JNTO

3. Beautiful silver, snow-covered Kaikake Onsen

1. A stunning fireworks display takes place every year at the Lake Suwa festival in Nagano
©Nagano Prefecture/©JNTO

2. Green ricefields across the countryside add poetic charm to the early summer scenery in Niigata

3. Tateyama - Kurobe Alpine Route which joins Nagano prefecture's Kurobe Dam and the neighbouring prefecture opens to traffic every April after the road is cleared of snow
©JNTO

Summer
Alpine wandering

As well as being one of the number one ski destinations in Japan, the Nagano and Niigata area is also the country's premier summer retreat for people looking to escape the heat and humidity of the low-lying coastal cities. Known as the Shinetsu region, or the "roof of Japan", this mountainous region is a breathtaking alpine wilderness of majestic peaks, many of which soar to around 3000 metres above sea level.
Alpine hiking is a popular activity for summertime visitors. One of the main drawcards is the abundant plant life and wildlife, including many wildflowers and animals indigenous to the alpine region. The flora and fauna have featured in much Japanese literature, and the mountains' jagged beauty has been inspiring creativity and poetry for centuries. Kaminochi and Azumino are two of the best-known towns in Japan to base yourself for some hiking.
Summertime is also festival time in the highlands. Niigata is famous for its Nagaoka festival as well as the Bandai Bridge fireworks, which celebrate this bridge's longevity in the face of multiple earthquakes. The Onbashira festival, held at Suwa Ground shrine in Nagano every seven years, is one of Japan's most unique festivals. Dating from the Nara period in the 8th century, the festival involves cutting immense logs in the mountains and erecting them at the shrine with sacred white paper attached to the top.
Karuizawa is another town popular with foreign tourists in summer, with plenty of forest walking as well as shopping on offer. In the grand castle town of Matsumoto, take a stroll down its historical streets and let the traditional artisans transport you to the Japan of another age.

Local delicacies
Paradise for local products

One of the pleasures of travelling abroad is experiencing regional edible delicacies. Nagano is home to the popular shinshu variety of soba noodles. Shinshu soba noodles contain more than 40 per cent buckwheat flour, giving them a strong flavour.
Nagano is also famous for its nose-tingling wasabi. Clear mountain streams are used to grow the wasabi horseradish, making it some of the best in Japan.
The alpine region is home to all kinds of fruit, including juicy apples and peaches. The St Courser winery, high in the Japanese Alps, uses a Japanese spin on traditional techniques to produce wines such as chardonnay, merlot and cabernet sauvignon.
Niigata prefecture is the second biggest producer of rice in Japan, which translates into gallons of delicious sake and rice-based meals and sweets for the hungry tourist. Regional specialties include koshihikari rice, considered by some to be the highest quality rice in Japan. The sake made from it, Koshinokanbai, is Niigata's foremost sake, and is distinguished by its smooth texture and dry flavour. Kameda, a now-internationally famous company, manufactures delicious soy-flavoured rice crackers from Niigata rice. These are popular throughout Japan and exported to the world.

1. Salted salmon is a local delicacy of Niigata

2. Snow crab from the Japan Sea in Niigata

3. A sweet and juicy Fuji apple from Nagano

4. One of Japan's most popular noodle varieties, Shinshu soba
©Nagano Prefecture/©JNTO

Listen to the ancient stories of mountains and sea.

The historic town of Magome takes visitors back in time

Picturesque tiered rice fields in Wajima city

GIFU AND ISHIKAWA
岐阜 ・石川

Gifu and Ishikawa prefectures are a blend of mountains and sea. Plunging cliffs, unfettered rivers and venerable historic towns combine to make visiting this nook of Japan an exercise in beauty.

Gifu
Crisp flowing streams

Gifu Crisp flowing streams
Gifu is home to the Nagara River, one of three free-flowing rivers in Japan. Here, the 1300-year-old tradition of cormorant fishing is still thriving. Trained cormorant birds dive into the water in search of Japanese ayu (sweetfish) and bring the fish back to the fisherman's boat. A ring at the base of each bird's neck allows it to swallow small fish but ensures the larger catches return to the boat.
Boats cruise the river after dark from mid-May to mid-October and although this fishing ritual occurs at night, fireworks mark the beginning of the haul and the boats are brightly lit by glowing Japanese lanterns that attract the fish.
Upstream of the Nagara River is the riverside township of Gujo Hachiman. Cradled by the three rivers that flow from the Okumino mountains, the residents of this charming town still use the unspoiled waterways to wash rice, vegetables and laundry. Established in 1660, the town still exudes the spirit of the grand Edo period. The Gujo Odori festival, which features four nights of nocturnal street dancing, has been performed here for the past 400 years. Take a walk along the river bank to fully experience enchanting glimpses of traditional village life.
Another enticing feature of Gifu is Gero Onsen, which has prospered as a health resort since the Heian period (784-1185). A resplendent retreat where local culture and picturesque scenery abound, Gero Onsen is renowned for its therapeutic hot water, which is said to be good for rheumatism and for the skin. The town of Gero boasts 70 lodges and hot spring centres and is visited by more than one million people annually.
Not far from Gero Onsen you'll find Kosaka Falls, where more than 200 waterfalls flow from greater than five metres. The water comes from mountain streams, which are fed by bountiful rainfall. Guided walking tours are available along the 13 tracks of varying difficulty that surround the falls. These tranquil walks are the perfect way to soak in the hypnotic rhythm of the water and the beautiful natural surrounds.
With its delightful scenery off the beaten track, Shirakawa-go is often referred to as one of Japan's best-kept secrets. Designated a World Heritage site in 1995, the ancient Japanese houses of Shirakawa-go were built over two centuries ago using the architectural style known as gassho-zukuri. The slanted, thatched roofs that characterise this style are said to resemble the hands of Buddhist monks pressed together in prayer. Home to a number of gassho-zukuri farmhouses that have now been turned into museums, restaurants and inns, Ogimachi is Shirakawa-go's largest village and main attraction.
As the 43rd station on the old Nakasen road connecting Edo (now Tokyo) with the ancient capital, Kyoto, the historic town of Magome provided lodging for travellers until the mid-19th century. The town has now been beautifully restored with a broad stone walkway lined with 18th century houses and delicate foliage. Magome was the birthplace of poet and author Shimazaki Touson (1872-1943) and is home to the memorial hall named after him.
The Hida Takayama area is famed for its hot springs and presents a golden opportunity to experience Japan in festival mode. The Takayama Festival is the combined name for the Sanno Matsuri festival, held in spring, and the Hachiman Matsuri festival, held in autumn in this region. Visited by thousands of locals and tourists every year, these magnificently decorated festivals bring Takayama to life and really put the historic housing, streets and temples of the Sanmachi District into their historical context.

Goheimochi – ground rice covered with sweet and spicy sauce

Takayama festival held every spring and autumn

The Gero hot springs are one of Japan’s premier hot springs

The ancient Japanese houses of Shirakawa-go in spring

Historic Nagamachi district, where you may hear echoes of traditional samurai life

Ishikawa Treasures from the Sea of Japan

Fringed by beautiful sandy beaches and rocky, precipitous cliffs, the Noto Peninsula extends from the coast of Ishikawa prefecture into the Sea of Japan. It almost seems like an island, being just barely attached to the mainland.
The Chirihama Nagisa Driveway, an 8-kilometre beach between Chirihama and Hakui, is open to cars, motorcycles, even buses, which can drive on the sand alongside ocean waves and experience this island-like paradise. If the drive wears you out, recuperate in Aikami watching the sunset on one of the longest benches in the world. The view is superb, from anywhere along its 460-metre length!
Thrilling landscapes and breathtaking views are the norm for the coastline of Ishikawa. The Noto Kongo is a 30-kilometre stretch of cliffs and boulders dropping into the Sea of Japan. Tsukumo Bay, comprised of many small inlets and hot spring baths, is an adventure in itself. Positioned beside a sleepy little town between the mountains and the bay, the cliffs at Ganmon offer mesmerising views over the ocean, and you can enjoy boat rides past an awe-inspiring cave (from spring until autumn). When the tide comes in, you can also walk across the rocks with the waves breaking around your ankles.
The Noto Morning Market is a major tourist attraction of the town of Wajima. Established over 1000 years ago, it's a great place to peruse food stalls selling delicious local seafood, from oysters and crabs to shrimp, squid, blowfish and rare types of seaweed.
Ishikawa also features the famous 1200-year-old bathing town of Wakura. Wakura onsen is a hot spring resort boasting salt and mineral waters said to be beneficial for gout, rheumatism and digestive ailments. Katayamazu is another town in the region famous for its hot springs; this town also hosts a summer fireworks show at the nearby lake.
Often referred to as "Little Kyoto", Kanazawa is a popular tourist destination in the Hokuriku region of Ishikawa. Kanazawa has an abundance of Japanese history and tradition, including old-fashioned streets, cityscapes and a spectacular 11-hectare garden at Kenroku-en. Together with gardens in Mito and Okayama, Kenroku-en is considered one of the three most beautiful gardens in Japan. Built by a lord in 1676, Kenroku-en spreads over 25 acres and is brimming with various trees, flowers, streams and stones. Why not enjoy the peace and tranquility of the garden over some Japanese tea in the teahouse?
Adjacent to Kenroku-en is another favourite traditional site, Kanazawa Castle. Built in 1546, the Ishikawa Gate is still standing and is nestled among the lush greenery of Kanazawa Castle Park. Let the vast stone walls draw your imagination back to the majestof the region's ancient days of prosperity.
At the foot of the former Kanazawa Castle is Nagamachi, a district that was once home to samurai and their families. The area preserves a historic atmosphere with old samurai residences, or bukeyashiki, still lining the streets. These are open to the public, who are encouraged to wander within the earthen walls, through private entrance gates, along the narrow lanes and water canals of the area.
If you want something a little gentler than samurai life, try Higashi Chayamachi and Nishi Chayamachi. These sections of Kanazawa are well known geisha districts famous for their traditional teahouses, some up to 200 years old. Don't miss the ancient delight of savouring some Japanese green tea and sweets while listening to the melodies of traditional instruments such as the shamisen and taiko.(J)

Noto Morning Market, where visitors can browse dozens of trays of delicious local seafood

1.Kenroku-en is famous for its six picturesque scenes

2.Kanazawa train station

3.Sunset at Ganmon, on the Sea of Japan

4.Vehicles can drive on the sandy beach called Chirihama Nagisa Driveway

Gifu and Ishikawa are conveniently located in central Japan, halfway between Tokyo and Osaka. Populated by mountain villages they do not receive as much international attention as many others places in Japan, which makes them ideal spots to escape the hustle and bustle of the city.

Photos courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture, Kanazawa City Tourism Association, Gifu Prefecture Tourist Federation and JNTO

TRAVELTOCHIGI&GUNMA
Go at a leisurely pace in North Kanto
栃木・群馬
TOCHIGI AND GUNMA

The gentle hot spring waters of Minakami onsen in Gunma

Just a stone's throw north of the hustle and bustle of Japan's capital, Tokyo, lies an oasis of refreshment and relaxation. Tochigi and Gunma, collectively referred to as the North Kanto region, are two landlocked prefectures nestled amidst scenic, forested mountains.

Gunma prefecture’s Tanigawa-dake Gorge is the perfect place to witness seasonal changes in colour
©Visual Gunma / ©JNTO

Tochigi and Gunma are highly popular with Tokyo residents and tourists, especially for the famous natural hot springs (onsen) that are scattered throughout the two prefectures. Forgetting your worries by immersing your body in the healing waters of these natural spas is a time-honoured tradition for Japanese locals. Visitors from Australia and elsewhere are beginning to revel in this pastime as well, enjoying the chance to refresh the mind, body and spirit amidst the gorgeous forest scenery and quaint old-fashioned townships. Some of the best-known hot springs in Gunma and Tochigi include Kinugawa, Shiobara, Nasu, Kusatsu and Shima. Visitors can enjoy a weekend getaway or a one-day return trip from Tokyo.
There's more to North Kanto than the restorative powers of its many hot springs, however. Visitors to the region are also attracted by the opportunity to escape Japan's scorching heat in summer and enjoy the snow in winter. Tochigi and Gunma are ideal places to experience Japan's stunning seasonal changes.
With so many buildings absorbing the summer heat, Tokyo can become one hot city. That's why locals and tourists alike flock to Japan's regional hinterland areas to escape the rising temperatures and high humidity. One ideal summer retreat in chilled out North Kanto is Oze National Park, the largest high-altitude wetland in all of Japan.
The Oze Highlands stretch across as many as four prefectures − Fukushima, Niigata, Tochigi and Gunma. This massive wetlands ecosystem is a flourishing natural wellspring of wildlife and greenery situated along the western edge of the famous Nikko National Park. Oze was once part of the Nikko highland system before recently being given its own unique national park status.
For a long time, Oze has been well known for its colourful clusters of important flowers and plant-life, including the unfortunately named but nevertheless endearing asian skunk cabbage flower (or mizubasho).

Revel in the clear air and vast open spaces of Oze National Park

The steams of Nikko Kuriyama Rotenburo (outdoor hot spring) will beautify the skin and warm the soul

From Katashina Village in Gunma Prefecture you can see the magnificent Mount Hatomachi, as well as access the Great Shimizu Tunnel that plunges 20 kilometres through the mountains.
Another popular summer destination is the Nasu Highlands, home to the Nasu Imperial Villa, where the Japanese royal family traditionally holiday in summer and, more recently, also in autumn. In the Nasu Highlands you can gaze at, or perhaps climb, the imposing Mount Nasu, recognised as one of Japan's 100 great mountains. For something a little less daunting but equally invigorating, try one of the many hiking trails to be found in the hinterland, which afford breathtaking panoramas of natural beauty. Nasu's charming and nostalgic hot spring town is another relaxing place to spend the summer days and nights, as are the surrounding rustic farmlands. When it comes to accommodation, visitors to the highlands are spoilt for choice with a variety of luxurious resorts, comfortable hotels, traditional ryokan and affordable hostels. Leisure is the motto here, so you can unwind by taking part in a range of fun outdoor activities such as camping, tennis and golf. Children and adults alike can be entertained for hours at one of the many theme parks in the area.

The delicate beauty of “Senbon-zakura” (1000 cherry trees) on Mt. Akagi in Gunma
©Maebashi Convention & Visitors Bureau ©JNTO

Tochigi is also the location of a sprawling UNESCO World Heritage cultural site: the temples and shrines of Nikko. There is no shortage of sightseeing opportunities here; top of the list are the important buildings of Mount Futara Shrine, Toshogu Shrine and Rinno-ji Temple. Other must-sees at Nikko include awesome Kegon Falls, placid Lake Chuzenji, the scenic Irohazaka mountain road, and a range of theme parks.
Winter is another popular time to visit North Kanto. Kusatsu, Manza Onsen, Oze Iwakura and Kawaba are just some of the great skiing and hot spring destinations for those looking to make the most of the colder months. (J)

The ancient shrines and temples of Nikko
©Yasufumi Nishi / ©JNTO

A snow highway at Mt. Jeans ski resort, Nasu

North Kanto's Onsen
Hot spring Guide

1 Shiobara onsen

Shiobara has 175 quality hot springs, featuring 11 different water types. A highlight of Shiobara is the open-air, cloudy-water baths near mountain rapids. A pass costing 900 yen allows one free visit and half-priced entry thereafter.
Water type: Weak salt springs, bicarbonate springs, sulphur springs.
Water properties: Good for general ailments, as well as burns and cuts, chronic dermatitis, high blood pressure and women's ailments.

2 Nasu onsen

The seven springs found here have been used for nearly 1400 years. The area includes the legendary spring in which an injured deer is said to have once healed its wounds.
Water type: Regular thermal springs, sulphur springs, calcium carbonate iron springs, alkaline salt springs.
Water properties: Good for general ailments, chronic dermatitis, women's ailments, arteriosclerosis, chronic digestive disorder and frailty.

3 Kinugawa onsen

This district is one of Kanto's best, with traditional ryokan and hotels lining the majestic Kinugawa River. Once exclusive to priests and daimyos (Samurai Superiors), the springs have been open to the public since the late 1800s.
Water type: Alkaline thermal springs
Water properties: Good for neuralgia, stress and fatigue

Yunishigawa onsen

Dating back more than 400 years, this picturesque hot spring town is said to have been founded by samurai warriors who sought refuge after losing a battle. Visitors can also enjoy fresh river fish cooked slowly in the hearth.
Water type: Salt springs, thermal springs, alkali thermal springs.
Water properties: Good for general ailments, burns and cuts.

Shima onsen

©JNTO

Shima literally means "40,000", and some people claim this is how many ailments the waters here can cure. The natural springs have such high temperatures that in winter they are also used to heat nearby homes.
Water type: Sulphur springs.
Water properties: Good for general ailments.

Kusatsu onsen

One of Japan's best-known hot spring districts, Kusatsu boasts the most thermal spring water output in the country. This lively town has plenty of souvenir shops and accommodation catering for tourists to the famous steaming yubatake weirs.
Water type: Iron springs.
Water properties: Good for chronic dermatitis and chronic digestive disorders.

Minakami onsen

This hot spring and leisure district also has outdoor sports such as skiing and rafting to tempt visitors. Nearby, the Minakami Gorge is famous for its night-time illumination and the Suwa Gorge for its intriguing rock formations.
Water type: Sulphur springs.
Water properties: Good for general ailments, chronic dermatitis and arteriosclerosis.

Ikaho onsen

©JNTO

This hot spring district is famous for its stone steps and Ikaho's nostalgic atmosphere of yesteryear. Many hot springs here can be entered even without being a guest of the adjoining lodge.
Water type: Sulphur springs, bicarbonate springs.
Water properties: Good for women's ailments.

The onsen villages of Tochigi Prefecture 栃木 Tochigi

Travelling downstream along an autumn-hued Kinugawa River

Bubbling over with history, culture and nature's beauty

The naturally hot, healing waters of Japan's onsen (hot springs) are in abundance in Tochigi Prefecture, and it's such an easy trip from Tokyo. As if this weren't enough, the region also has plenty of historical and cultural sites including the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Shrines and Temples of Nikko, and the Oku Nikko (Inner Nikko) and Nasu Highlands which are blessed with beautiful natural scenery that changes from season to season. After enjoying outdoor sports such as hiking, golf or skiing, lie back in the onsen, relax and rejuvenate. Visitors to Japan who have seen the sights of Tokyo, should definitely make Tochigi Prefecture their next destination.

Map of Tochigi Prefecture

You can enjoy an open-air bath (rotenburo) at places like the "Fudo-no-yu" at Shiobara onsen

In winter the area buzzes with skiers visiting from the cities

World Heritage-listed Nikko Toshogu contains the mausoleum of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Flowing from Lake Chuzenji, Nikko's Kegon Falls is a famous sightseeing spot

A Japanese onsen adventure in the midst of nature

NASU

NASU ONSEN

Outdoor indulgence in a highland resort

At the base of the grand Nasu Mountains, in the Nasu region, is one of Japan's favourite highland onsen villages. It is such a stunning destination that the Imperial family chose the location for one of its family villas.
Scattered around an active volcano, Nasu Onsen village was established 1370 years ago with the discovery of "shika-no-yu" (deer hot springs). The legend of how an injured deer was miraculously healed by this water lives on today and the springs are a famous health retreat. Today, Nasu attracts some five million visitors annually.
A ropeway operates from March to November taking visitors up to the 9th stage of Mount Chausu-dake, the highest peak of the Nasu Mountains. From there, it's a 50-minute trek to the summit, which offers 360-degree views of the beautiful scenery that changes from spring greens to a riot of autumn colours.
Outdoor sports such as golf and tennis are played all year round in Nasu. There is also skiing at the Mount Jeans Ski Resort – just another part of Nasu's appeal.

"Shika-no-yu" hot springs, the origin of Nasu Onsen

Nasu wagyu beef is famous for being a tasty, marbled meat

The Nasu ropeway takes you to the 9th stage of Mount Chausu-dake

Mount Chausu-dake spouting white steam in summer

SHIOBARA

SHIOBARA ONSEN

Enjoy a nature walk around waterfalls and valleys

Shiobara Onsen, on the Houkigawa River, has up to 150 high-quality hot springs, from open-air baths next to babbling streams to mud-baths in the mountains. At Yuppo-no-sato, one of the largest footbaths in Japan, you can enjoy soaking your feet, and later feel the effects as you walk amongst the misty hills.
A highlight of Shiobara is a hike around the more than 70 waterfalls that flow in the region. The hiking trail crosses 12 suspension bridges over the valley, which includes the 320 metre Momijidani Great Suspension Bridge, the longest in Honshu. The scenery in spring and autumn is particularly splendid. This region is home to the Hunter Mountain Shiobara ski slopes and bustles with skiers and snowboarders in winter .
You can discover the health benefits of onsen at Shiobara Health Tourism, which explains the science behind onsen. By aligning the three components of health – exercise, recreation and nutrition – you can expect significant improvements in fatigue recovery, strength, illness prevention and aging.

Momijidani Great Suspension Bridge, the longest in Honshu

The 60-metre Yuppo-no-Sato is one of the largest footbaths in Japan and a new spot to comfortably enjoy Shiobara's onsen

Artificial snow is used to keep skiers happy at Hunter Mountain Shiobara

Iwa-no-Yu, the open-air bath on Houkigawa River

ITAMURO

ITAMURO ONSEN / SANDOGOYA ONSEN

Japanese atmosphere in a healthy valley sanctuary

Itamuro onsen, on the western side of the Nasu Mountains, is a quiet health spa in a valley next to the Yukawa River. The water of the alkaline thermal hot spring is known as "the healing water of shimotuke" after the plants found in the area, and is said to relieve nerve and joint pain and improve recovery from illness.
Visitors can enjoy the rich natural landscape of Itamuro Gorge and leave rejuvenated in both mind and body. This area is also home to Sandogoya onsen, a secret hot spring situated in the mountains at an elevation of 1500 metres and a two-hour walk from the Nasu ropeway summit station. There are two onsen hotels in this area, which have been popular lodgings for mountain climbers for years. Electricity is privately generated and at night, these popular "lamp inns" have only lamplight.
The Numappara Marshland, reaching altitudes of 1230 metres, is also in the Nasu mountain area. From spring to autumn you can see unusual highland vegetation from the wooden hiking path.

Green Green Itamuro Health Spa has a "Tsuna-no-yu", an onsen where you bathe hanging onto a rope

Why not relax in an onsen after a hike in the Numappara Marshland?

Old-fashioned Tabakoya ryokan(inn) at Sandogoya onsen, a secret hot spring

Itamuro onsen stands in the red-hued Nasu Mountains

NIKKO

OKUKINU ONSEN

A secluded eco-onsen

In a secluded spot in the mountain valleys at the headwaters of the Kinugawa River is Okukinu onsen in Nikko. Surrounded by nature, you can gaze at rhododendrons from an outdoor bath, listen to the distant calls of deer, and also enjoy views of the snow from the onsen in winter. Okukinu can only be reached on foot or by hotel shuttle buses as private cars are banned for environmental reasons. Just the trek to reach the onsen is an outdoor adventure in itself.
As well as Okukinu, there are many other hot springs in Nikko with varying water properties and effects. These include Tochigi's best-known Kinugawa and Kawaji onsen, Yunishigawa and Kawamata onsen, where a legend of fugitive samurai warriors lives on; and Nikko Yumoto onsen, which overlooks Lake Yunoko.

Kani-yu; one of the hot springs at the secluded Okuniku onsen

Kinu Marsh; the source of Kinugawa River situated at the innermost point of Okukinu

Hacchou-no-yu; surrounded by a seasonally changing landscape

The Tejirozawa onsen rotenburo (open-air bath); on the banks of Tejiro-zawa, a Kinugawa River tributary

Tochigi Area Guide
Beyond onsen, appealing sightseeing spots abound

Mashiko and Motegi

The Mashiko and Motegi region occupies the south-eastern area of Tochigi Prefecture. Mashiko has long been famous for its ceramics (mashiko-yaki), and has almost 400 pottery and ceramics stores. At the Mashiko Museum of Ceramic Art, you can see works by world-renowned potter Shoji Hamada, while the popular pottery markets in spring and autumn attract some 600,000 visitors. Mashiko is also Japan's leading strawberry producer, and from December to May you can go strawberry-picking and eat as many as you like.
Over in Motegi is the Twin Link Motegi racetrack, where Indy and MotoGP world championships are held – a must-see for fans of motor sports. Inside you can see the Honda Collection Hall, where classic cars are displayed, and the Fan Fun LaBo, home to Honda's humanoid robot ASIMO.

Twin Link Motegi features two circuits, an oval course and a road course

Mashiko-yaki pottery is valued as an example of traditional handicraft

Mashiko Museum of Ceramic Art/Ceramic Art Messe Mashiko

Mashiko pottery markets bustle with big crowds

Ashikaga and Sano

Ashikaga and Sano cities are located in the south-west of Tochigi Prefecture. Ashikaga, also known as "little Kyoto in the east", has many sightseeing spots that you can enjoy on a daytrip. Ashikaga Gakko, the oldest university in Japan; Bannaji temple, which is affiliated with the Ashikaga family; Kurita Museum, the world's largest pottery museum; and Ashikaga Flower Park, a theme park full of delicate blooms.
In contrast, Sano city is a castle town that prospered in the Edo Period. Today, the famous Sano Premium Outlet shopping mall draws crowds on weekends, and has approximately 180 Japanese and international brands in a building modelled on an American east-coast town. Gourmet delights, including Sano ramen noodles and imo-furai (deep fried potato), are also popular. There are some 200 ramen restaurants in the city – look for a clear soup made using good-quality water with springy chijire-men noodles.

Beautiful yellow gingko leaves in autumn at Bannaji Temple

Sano Premium Outlet shopping mall has 180 shops

Ashikaga Gakko, the oldest university in Japan

Popular Sano ramen, a must- try

Sano's famous potato dish, imo-furai

Utsunomiya

Known across Japan as the city of gyoza (dumplings), Utsunomiya, the capital of Tochigi Prefecture, is the largest city in the northern Kanto region. Queues form outside the speciality gyoza shops every weekend and there is a huge range of gyoza, including fried (yaki-gyoza), steamed (sui-gyoza) and deep-fried (age-gyoza) varieties, all at affordable prices. Utsunomiya is also known for having many champion bartenders, many of whom have won national cocktail competitions and offer unique cocktails for you to enjoy. The city is the hometown of world-class jazz musician Sadao Watanabe. So in this groovy town, cocktails and jazz are how the locals unwind.
The city centre has sightseeing spots including Matsugamine Catholic Church, built using beautiful Oya stone, which is abundant in the neighbouring Oya area; Hachimanyama Park, which draws crowds during cherry blossom season; and Futaarayama Shrine, which has a history going back about 1600 years.
In neighbouring Oya town, the Oya Museum exhibits the oya stone quarry site (an area that is approximately 20,000 square metres, and 30 metres deep). Oya-ji Temple, which enshrines statues such as that of the Thousand-Armed Kannon, a state-designated Important Cultural Property, and the huge Heiwa Kannon, built to commemorate the casualties of the Pacific War are also sites of interest.

Matsugamine Church is built using Oya stone

Utsunomiya's very popular yaki-gyoza (fried gyoza)

Utsunomiya at night is about listening to jazz and drinking original-recipe cocktails

Oya-ji Temple enshrines the Thousand-Armed Kannon

Access Information Tochigi Guide: www.tochigi.or.jp/en-index.html

東京 TOKYO
The capital of Japan since the Edo period over 400 years ago, Tokyo is an historic city bursting with culture and tradition. As the economic and political centre of Japan, it is also the birthplace of many of tomorrow's trends in fashion and technology. Combining contemporary city living with enclaves rich in history and tradition, Tokyo is one of the world's pre-eminent tourist destinations.
Photo: 2009 Tokyo Convention & Visitors Bureau

浅草

The lantern of Kaminarimon (Thunder Gate) at Senso-ji Temple

The dazzling 5-storey pagoda in Senso-ji Temple

1. An open-air rickshaw in Asakusa town

2. Traditional handicraft souvenirs in the Nakamise shopping arcade

3. Asakusa’s Torinoichi Festival

Asakusa
Wistful nostalgia deep in the heart of the city

Asakusa, a district of Taito ward, was the birthplace of the Edo culture that established Tokyo. Infused with remnants of a vibrant business and entertainment culture, Asakusa continues to charm visitors with its traditional Japanese atmosphere. Ancient Buddhist temples and shrines stand alongside shopping districts and traditional crafts, all within walking distance of Asakusa station.
Dating back to 645 AD, Senso-ji Temple (also called Asakusa Kannon Temple) is Tokyo's oldest Buddhist temple. Built for Kannon, the goddess of mercy, this temple is a major attraction for Japanese and foreigners alike.
The temple is accessed through an outer gate, which features a giant lantern and statues of guardian gods Raijin (god of thunder) and Fujin (god of wind). Called Kaminarimon (Thunder Gate), this gate is the symbol of Asakusa and also marks the start of the 200-metre Nakamise shopping arcade, which is filled with shops selling Japanese souvenirs and traditional Asakusa sweets. Hozomon gate, also flanked by guardian gods, is at the other end of the arcade.
To the east, behind Asakusa Kannon Temple, is Asakusa Shrine, one of the most famous Shinto shrines in Tokyo. Also known as Sanja-sama (Shrine of the Three Gods), this shrine was designed to protect the temple and is the focal point of the Sanja Matsuri Festival.
A short walk away is the Edo Shitamachi Traditional Crafts Museum, which showcases the unique dexterity of the craftspeople of Shitamachi, Tokyo's old quarter in the Edo period. Also exuding ancient charm is Hanayashiki, an entertainment area built in 1853, which has been converted into an amusement park with more than 20 rides and attractions, including the screening of classic Japanese films.

六本木

The breathtaking viewing platform in Roppongi Hills

The landmark Roppongi Hills complex

1. Buzzing weekend nightlife

2. The luxurious Ritz-Carlton

3. The National Art Center, Tokyo

Roppongi
An international centre of fashion and culture

Roppongi, in the Tokyo area of Minato-ku, is a cosmopolitan locality that is at the forefront of Japan's urban nightlife, and constantly promoting new fashion and culture. It is also home to foreigners from all over the world, many embassies and US military facilities.
The sprawling, multi-purpose Roppongi Hills complex is one of Japan's largest integrated communities. Opened in 2003, the complex is a renowned symbol of Japan's IT industry, hosting offices of many leading IT companies as well as massive shopping and dining facilities. Roppongi Hills also provides housing and entertainment, so residents and visitors can combine work and everyday life with leisure and entertainment.
With a cluster of six buildings set amidst lush greenery, Tokyo Midtown offers peaceful quietude deep in the heart of the throbbing metropolis. Completed in March 2007, this modern complex also boasts the tallest building in Tokyo and the Suntory Museum of Art. A hotel and leisure spaces are conveniently nestled among offices, residences and commercial premises.
The National Art Center, Tokyo is a unique and innovative exhibition facility, which focuses on presenting a succession of art exhibitions rather than maintaining a permanent collection. With an area of 14,000 square metres, it is one of the largest art galleries in Japan. It also includes the Art Library, which collects and disseminates all the latest art news.
Roppongi is a popular after-hours meeting place for Tokyo-based foreigners, with many of its restaurants, clubs and bars catering for English-speaking clientele. Popular Roppongi clubs include Bar de Espa, the izakaya-style Gonpachi, and Velfarre – the disco-happy venue famous for its trance, techno and Euro-beat dance music. (J)

Tradition

Top Tokyo tourist spots to find the perfect mix

Here are some top spots, all easily accessible via Tokyo's efficient train network, to soak in some tradition or rock out with the latest trends.

1 Ueno/Ameyoko

Ueno is home to some of Tokyo's unique cultural sites, including the Tokyo National Museum, the National Museum of Western Art and the National Science Museum. And with over 500 hundred stalls lining the street from Ueno Station to Okachimachi Station, you can't miss Ameyoko shopping arcade. What started as a black market district during World War II is now a popular haven of shops selling everything from bags, cosmetics and clothes to fresh fish, dried food and spices.

2 Meiji Shrine

The Meiji Shrine, also known as Meiji Jingu, is the Shinto shrine dedicated to the influential Emperor Meiji and his consort, Empress Shoken. Surrounded by 700,000 square metres of evergreen forest, this shrine is also a rare centre of relaxation in the heart of Tokyo. Be sure to check out the Naien (inner precinct), which showcases the Emperor's treasures and the Picture Gallery in the Gaien (outer precinct), with over 80 murals depicting the Emperor's life.

3 Tsukiji Fish Market

Handling over 3500 tonnes and $20 million worth of marine produce every day, Tsukiji Fish Market is the centre of Japan's unique seafood culture. Commercial and retail buyers gather at the early morning auctions to bid for the freshest tuna, sea urchin and high-grade fish to turn into mouth-watering sushi and sashimi. Although the auctions themselves are currently closed to visitors, the lively market atmosphere has made Tsukiji one of Tokyo's major tourist attractions.

4 Kabuki-za

Kabuki-za, in Ginza district, has been Tokyo's kabuki house for over 120 years. Literally meaning "the art of song and dance", kabuki is the highly stylised Japanese traditional performing art that continues to attract international attention. Notably, only men are allowed to perform in this lavish world of acting, dancing and elaborate costumes and make-up, even in female roles. All performances are in Japanese but English audio guides (which can be rented for small fee) provide comments and explanations on the features of kabuki.

5 The National Theatre of Japan

Located in Chiyoda, the National Theatre of Japan complex showcases productions of traditional Japanese performing arts, forming an important part of Japan's intangible cultural heritage. Kabuki performances continue to flourish but the complex also offers lesser-known entertainment options such as Noh (elegant drama performed wearing masks) and Bunraku (traditional puppet theatre), which are also drawing local and international audiences. All three art forms usually incorporate singing and music for a mesmerising sight and sound experience.

6 Oedo-Onsen-Monogatari

Oedo-Onsen-Monogatari, located in Odaiba, replicates the traditional hot spring baths of old-Tokyo in design and atmosphere. Here, the natural hot spring water is drawn from 1400 metres below ground and piped into 16 baths of various shapes and sizes, including rotenburo (outdoor baths). Nineteen different designs of yukata (robes) as well as dining rooms and shops are provided by the facility, making it feel like you've stepped back in time straight into the ancient capital.

Tomorrow

7 Harajuku

Harajuku is a celebrated fashion capital in Tokyo, boasting a diverse collection of foreign and local designers as well as a lively and eclectic street fashion scene. The latest trends and innovations born in Harajuku are often seen on runways across the globe. Harajuku also offers enormous choice for affordable shopping, which is particularly convenient among youths who follow the current trend of layering and mixing various styles of clothing. The streets are the place to be in Harajuku.

8 Tokyo Disney Resort®

The first Disneyland to be built outside America was established in 1983 in Chiba, near Tokyo, and is now the most visited theme park complex in the world. The 465,000 square metre park includes all-time-favourite themed areas such as Adventureland, Westernland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland, but builds on this classic base. Noted for its vast, crowd-friendly spaces, the Tokyo Disneyland includes the Disney Sea, the Ikspiari shopping complex and a plethora of world-class hotels, as well as three other themed areas: World Bazaar, Critter Country and Toontown.

9 Odaiba

Odaiba is a large artificial island in Tokyo Bay linked to Tokyo via the Rainbow Bridge. Originally built for defense purposes, this man-made island is currently a popular commercial, residential and leisure site famous for its National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (Miraikan). Here, visitors can explore the latest developments in science and technology, including interactions with robots, virtual-reality rides and a planetarium. The museum also displays an environmentally friendly home.

10 Akihabara "Electric Town"

Akihabara, affectionately known as "Electric Town", is one of the largest electronic markets in the world. Filled with hundreds of stalls selling every gadget imaginable, from phones to home theatre systems, appliances and game-wares, this is every geek's dream come true. Akihabara is also the hub of the otaku (dedicated fan) phenomenon. The Tokyo Anime Center, in the UDX building, hosts regular anime marketing events, live radio interviews with creators and voice actors, and merchandising fairs for local and foreign anime-junkies.

11 Ginza

Ginza, located in Chuo ward, features Japan's largest array of luxury shops. This shopping district, known as one of the most lavish in the world, boasts numerous department stores, boutiques, art galleries, restaurants, nightclubs and cafes. Concept complexes such as Ginza Glass and Jewel Box Ginza continue to redefine the shopping experience. World famous designer stores line the main street, including Gucci, Giorgio Armani, Coach, Tiffany, Calvin Klein, and Polo Ralph Lauren, to name a few.

12 Shinjuku

As Tokyo's major commercial and administrative centre, Shinjuku houses the biggest and busiest train station in the world and the twin towers of the Tokyo metropolitan Government Building. The public observation room on the top floor of each tower provides stunning views of the surrounding area and weather permitting, Mount Fuji. There is a healthy entertainment culture in districts such as Ichigaya, Golden-gai, Kabukicho and Shinanomachi, which are bursting with department stores, specialist electronics shops, cinemas, restaurants and bars

"Tako-yaki", flavour of the common folk. Wandering around and trying various foods from street-side stalls scattered around the city is customary in Osaka

In the 16th century, Osaka was the economic and business centre of Japan and is still a powerhouse, being the second largest city after Tokyo. Fast forward to the 19th century, when Osaka was nicknamed the "kitchen of the nation" because of the diversity of ingredients that were available. Today, the combination of these two elements means that the region displays unique business customs and a fascinating food culture with deep historical roots. Osaka's economic originality comes to life in it's street commerce, where you can see signboards painted in bright colours and elaborately decorated.
Be enticed by Osaka's famous "kuidaore" or "eat till you drop" attitude. Some of the most famous local delicacies are the "konamon" or flour-based foods, including takoyaki (octopus dumplings), okonomiyaki (a type of savoury pancake) and udon noodles.

Udon,a must-try in Osaka

Osaka is a culturally rich city showcasing the fusion of traditional and modern entertainment.
The lively Minami district is perhaps the best place to stumble upon the real Osaka. Here you will find the famous entertainment precincts of Shinsaibashi, Namba and Dotonbori - a single street running alongside Dotonbori Canal. Colourful neon signs light up the streets. Check out Glico man, a neon sportsman promoting sweets, or an attention-grabbing signboard featuring a giant mechanical crab. Overflowing with cheap places to eat, Minami has earned its "eat till you drop" reputation.

In the Tennoji area, slightly southeast of Minami, is Shinsekai, which exudes downtown Osaka atmosphere. Don't miss the famous Tsutenkaku Tower, a 91-metre architectural marvel modelled on the Eiffel Tower. Nearby Jan-Jan Yokocho is a covered street full of budget-priced restaurants and entertainment, and famous for Kushikatsu, deep-fried skewers of meat dipped in sauce.

A visit to Osaka Castle is essential to experience the city's feudal history. Originally built more than 400 years ago by one of the great Japanese warlords, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the castle is illuminated inside and out, making it a magnificent sight both day and night. It is also a superb spot for a panoramic view of the entire city.

Both adults and children will enjoy Osaka's Universal Studios Japan (USJ), which rivals Tokyo Disneyland. This theme park, featuring rides and shows associated with Hollywood films and TV programs, is the epitome of modern, technologically advanced Japanese culture. USJ features 18 attractions including "The Amazing Adventures of Spiderman - The Ride" and "Snoopy Studios".

Takoyaki is Osaka's soulfood. One serving can be bought for just a few hundred yen from a street stall and these octopus dumplings can be eaten on the go. Another popular Osaka dish is okonomiyaki, meaning "cooked to your taste". This savoury pancake, which consists of a batter mixed with diced cabbage, sliced pork, shrimp, egg and other ingredients, is served with a special sauce, mayonnaise, katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes) and aonori (finely grated dried seaweed). Kitsune udon is another famous local dish on the Osaka menu. Kitsune, meaning "fox" in Japanese, refers to the deep-fried tofu, which is cooked separately before adding it to the udon noodles.(J)

Takoyaki, a must-try in Osaka

The famous neon Glico man in Dotonbori
©Osaka Convention & Tourism Bureau

Okonomiyaki, a tempting local speciality
©Y.Shimizu/©JNTO

Osaka's Eiffel Tower, the Tsutenkaku
Photo: andy ket

The majestic Osaka Castle
©Y.Shimizu/©JNTO

The adventurous Water World stunt live-show at Universal Studios Japan
Photo: Universal Studios Japan

During the cherry blossom and autumn leaf seasons, Kiyomizu Temple in Kyoto's Higashiyama ward is open into the evening
Photo: beggs

In the famous tourist city of Kyoto, Japan's traditional culture has continued for over 1200 years. Here you can find the UNESCO World Heritage-listed "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto", comprising 17 temples and historical sites across Kyoto and Uji in Kyoto Prefecture and Otsu City in Shiga Prefecture. Approximately one and a half hours from Kansai International Airport, Kyoto and Shiga are perfect destinations for experiencing Japan's history.

Kyoto's Culture

Kyoto has played a vital role in Japan's history since the end of the Nara Period (794 AD), when it became the Imperial capital. For the next 1000 years, Kyoto was the centre of the Imperial court and a focal point of Japanese culture. Buddhism thrived as founders of various schools came to Kyoto to build temples. Today, Kyoto is a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists in Japan, with over 2000 Buddhist temples, monasteries and monuments.
Arts and crafts such as ikebana (flower arrangement), ceramics and tea ceremony flourished in Kyoto during its "golden age", becoming an integral part of Japanese culture. Having survived World War �� with relatively little bombing damage, Kyoto still has many pre-war buildings such as machiya (traditional townhouses), historical landmarks and religious sites, making it one of the best-preserved cities in Japan.

Nijo-jo Castle is an important historical treasure
Photo: mathewajay

Traditional ceremony of Kemari is held at Shimogamo Shrine every January
©Kyoto Tourism Council

Ryoan-ji Temple is renowned for its Karesansui style traditional Japanese garden
©JNTO

Exploring Kyoto’s traditional townscape with its 1200 years of history
©Kyoto Tourism Council

Kyoto

Traditional
Events

©Q.Sawami / ©JNTO

Aoi Matsuri

One of Kyoto's three biggest festivals (matsuri), Aoi Matsuri is the annual festival of Shimogamo and Kamigamo shrines, held in May each year. The festival features a grand parade that begins at the Kyoto Imperial Palace, re-creating the ancient Heian Court. The name of the festival comes from the hollyhock leaf crest (aoi), used to adorn the parade.

©Q.Sawami / ©JNTO

Gion Matsuri

The Gion Matsuri is one of the most famous festivals in Japan. The origins of the festival go back to 869 AD during an outbreak of the plague, when people prayed to the deity of the Gion Shrine. The Gion Festival is held each year for the whole month of July, climaxing in the magnificent Yamaboko Float Parade on July 17.

Daimonji Gozan Okuribi

The highlight of Kyoto's Obon celebrations in August is the Gozan Okuribi (mountain bonfire). On the night of August 16, five fires representing giant Chinese characters and other motifs are lit simultaneously on the mountains. Lighting up the night sky, the fires mark the moment when ancestral spirits, visiting this world during Obon, return to the spirit world.

Experience Kyoto Charm

Gilded in glimmering gold is Kinkaku-ji Temple

Offering the beauty of ancient tradition with all the convenience of a modern city, Kyoto is a popular destination for tourists from all over the world. Sightseeing tours and activities offer visitors the chance to experience traditional Japanese culture first-hand, whether it be through tea ceremony, geisha or kimono.
Being situated in a valley, Kyoto is hot in summer and cold in winter − a place where you can truly enjoy the four seasons. A delightful way to savour the seasonal changes is through Kyoto's unique cuisine, kaiseki-ryori. Artistic and refined, kaiseki-ryori uses seasonal ingredients that are cooked to enhance their natural flavour, and is presented in beautiful dinnerware carefully selected to represent the season and enhance the dining experience.

The sacred Enryaku-ji Temple is representative of Japanese Buddhism

Kyoto
Activities

Water Sports on Lake Biwa

©Biwako Visitors Bureau

Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture is the largest lake in Japan. As well as being home to an abundance of birds including seagulls and the great crested grebe, Lake Biwa is a popular destination for visitors because of the variety of water sports on offer. From windsurfing to boating, jet skiing to kayaking, the choice is yours!

Experience Zen in English

Photo: Taizoin

Located near Arashiyama, among Kyoto’s World Heritage sites, is Taizo-in, a Zen temple that caters to foreign tourists, giving them insight into Zen teachings. Visitors can participate in a tea ceremony, calligraphy and Zen meditation, all led by temple monks in English. For more information visit www.taizoin.com/en

Meet Maiko

© Kyoto Tourism Council

Japan’s long geisha tradition still lives on in Kyoto today and continues to fascinate people around the world. While geisha are rarely seen in public, visitors can now experience this unique aspect of Japanese culture by meeting maiko (apprentice geisha). You can eat traditional kaiseki cuisine, watch a dance performance by maiko and take photos of them.

World Heritage Kyoto

Kyoto has much to offer, but to really experience it, explore some of the 17 World Heritage Sites. Let's have a look at some of the highlights: Kiyomizu-dera Temple offers a fantastic view of the city below, while the 5-storey pagoda at Toji Temple is the tallest in Japan and a well-known symbol of Kyoto. At Ryoan-ji Temple you can marvel at the karesansui (dry landscape) rock garden and the hojo (chief priest's quarters) of this famous Zen temple, or you could visit Enryaku-ji Temple, which was established in 788 AD as the head temple of the Tendai sect of Buddhism and has educated many great priests throughout its history. Step inside Nijo-jo Castle to see the beautiful paintings on the walls and the sliding doors, and try walking along the famous "nightingale floor" without making the floor "sing"! For a truly stunning sight, visit Kinkaku-ji Temple, or "Golden Pavilion". Originally built as a villa, the image of the gold-covered pavilion standing at the edge of the pond, its brilliance reflected in the water, is famous both in Japan and abroad.

1. Kamigamo Shrine
2. Shimogamo Shrine
3. To-ji Temple
4. Kiyomizu-dera Temple
5. Enryaku-ji Temple
6. Daigo-ji Temple
7. Ninna-ji Temple
8. Byodo-in Temple
9. Ujigami Shrine
10. Kozan-ji Temple
11. Koke-dera Temple (Saihou-ji Temple)
12. Tenryu-ji Temple
13. Kinkaku-ji Temple (Rokuon-ji Temple)
14. Ginkaku-ji Temple (Jishou Temple)
15. Ryoan-ji Temple
16. Nishihongan-ji Temple
17. Nijo-jo Castle

Other Sightseeing Spots in Kyoto and Shiga

Amanohashidate

Amanohashidate, or "heaven’s bridge", is a 3.3-kilometre pine-covered sandbar stretching across Miyazu Bay in northern Kyoto Prefecture. Together with Matsushima (Miyagi Prefecture) and Miyajima (Hiroshima Prefecture), Amanohashidate is one of the three most famous sights in Japan. Visitors are encouraged to appreciate the view by turning their back to the bay, bending over and looking at the bridge upside down through their legs, making the bridge appear to float to heaven.

Arashiyama

A picturesque district on the outskirts of Kyoto, Arashiyama is best known for the view of the wooden Togetsukyo Bridge with a forested Mount Arashiyama backdrop. In the centre of the district is a leading Zen temple, Tenryuji, famous for its landscaped garden, while further north you can explore bamboo groves and smaller temples scattered along the base of the mountains.

Hikone Castle

Completed in 1622 by the Ii clan, Hikone Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in Japan and Shiga Prefecture’s most famous tourist site. During the Meiji Period, Hikone Castle escaped the fate of many other castles, which were dismantled by government decree, and is today one of the oldest original-construction castles remaining in Japan.

The Togetsukyo Bridge in Arashiyama is especially beautiful in autumn
©soryofu / ©JNTO

Hikone Castle is designated as a National Treasure
©JNTO

Amanohashidate is one of Japan’s famous "three scenic views
©Akira Okada/©JNTO

The spiritual calm of ojizo–sama, the guardian deity of children and travellers, on the Kumano Kodo

Jutting out from the Japanese mainland into the Pacific Ocean, the Kii Peninsula is the largest peninsula in all of Japan. For centuries this mountainous region has attracted followers of Shinto and Buddhism as a sacred home of the gods.
Jutting out from the Japanese mainland into the Pacific Ocean, the Kii Peninsula is the largest peninsula in all of Japan. For centuries this mountainous region has attracted followers of Shinto and Buddhism as a sacred home of the gods.

Kumano Kodo's traditional mossy rendezvous of the gods

Kumano Hongu Shrine, the spiritual heart of Japan

The towering Konpon Daito pagoda contrasts beautifully with the natural scenery at Mt Koya

With its razor-backed green mountains plunging into the sea, their rocky tips shrouded in mist, and mossy stone pathways winding through dense forests, the Kii Peninshla is as scenic as it is sacred. So it is no wonder that Shinto and Buddhist shrines have been erected on these perilous slopes for centuries.
Criss-crossed by pilgrims' paths dating from the 6th century, the Kumano Kodo, the region's ancient roads, are now well used by trekking groups wanting to experience an untouched Japan. Each mountain pass has trekking courses available for pilgrims and hikers alike. The paths are used to access the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano, which include Nachi Shrine with its stunning, postcard-perfect waterfall.
In 2004 nearly 500 square hectares of the peninsula was World Heritage listed. The three designated sites are the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano, the holy precinct of Mt Koya, and the Yoshino and Omine temple districts. The World Heritage "pilgrimage routes" now include not just the old roads of Kumano, but the Mt Koya stone paths, and the Omine Okugake ascetic trail.

Mt Koya

Mt Koya is a training ground for monks who practise Shingon Buddhism. The precinct was established almost 1200 years ago by the Great Priest Kukai, who also founded the Shingon school of Buddhism, now one of Japan's major religions.
The buildings at Mt Koya are located on a plateau nearly 900 metres high and surrounded by eight mountain peaks. This "valley in the sky" attracts large numbers of worshippers, who come to see the many Buddha statues and mandalas (Buddhist art). Pilgrims and tourists alike enjoy walking through the magnificent compound, which is filled with a variety of halls and pagodas.
Visitors to Mt Koya can even try living the ascetic life, by participating in religious events or experiencing Buddhist meditation first-hand. For a real taste of life as a Buddhist monk, there's also a chance to stay overnight in the temple lodgings, known as shukubo.

Kumano Hayatama Shrine, one of the grandest in Kumano

Picture-perfect: A pristine waterfall borders Nachi Shrine

Photos courtesy of Wakayama Prefecture, Tanabe City Kumano Tourism Bureau, Nara Tourism Federation and JNTO

Yoshino

Along the Omine Okugake ascetic trail is the Mt Kinpu Temple, the chief training ground for monks. Here the trainees are hidden away in the mountains to endure severe conditions and discipline in order to attain enlightenment. The ancient mystic En no Gyoja is said to be the founding priest of the Mt Kinpu Temple complex, which dates back 1300 years to the middle of the 7th century.
Another attraction is Mt Yoshino, which is famous throughout Japan for its gorgeous cherry blossoms. In spring, the temple-lined mountain-top is a picture of serenity, with the flowers of thousands of cherry (sakura) trees creating an explosion of pink beauty. Because the cherry trees are at a range of altitudes, the blossoms burst forth in succession throughout the spring.

Ise Shrine

Among all the sacred destinations in Japan, few hold as much significance as Ise Shrine, located on the Kii Peninsula in Mie Prefecture. The Outer Shrine, or Geku, is the centre of worship for Toyouke Omikami, the Shinto goddess of agriculture and industry, including the daily basics of food, clothing and shelter.
Six kilometres from Geku is the Inner Shrine, or Naiku. This is said to be home to Amaterasu Omikami, traditionally considered to be the chief deity of all of Japan as well as the ancestor of the Imperial household.
Every 20 years, the shrines are dismantled and identical new ones built so that the buildings will be forever new but forever ancient. The present buildings are due for dismantling in 2013. (J)

More Astonishing Attractions on Kii Peninsula

There is more to Kii Peninsula than ancient shrines, such as many exciting and varied attractions sure to fascinate all visitors.

1 Cape Shiono

The southernmost point of Japan's main island of Honshu, Cape Shiono is actually an island that's precariously joined to the mainland by sandbars. A lighthouse stands on the tip of the cape overlooking the Pacific Ocean.

2 Toba Aquarium

Visit Toba's world-class aquarium, which has been breeding dugongs in captivity longer than anyone else in the world. Toba has also had Japan’s first sea-otter second-generation birth in captivity.

3 Ninja Museum

Love Ninjas? You can't miss the popular Iga Ninja Museum, where there are live demonstrations of the martial arts and visitors can walk through a trap-laden ninja house.

4 Akafuku Mochi

Try delicious akafuku mochi, a traditional Japanese sweet, in Ise. The mochi is made by pounding rice with wooden mallets until it forms soft and glutinous cakes, which are then covered with a sweet, red bean paste.

5 Shirahama

The Shirahama Onsen (hot spring) is one of the three most famous onsen in Japan. The hot springs create a white veil of mist that sweeps magically over the town.

6 Adventure World

Adventure World is a theme park whose main drawcard is Panda Land. Visitors can enjoy seeing as many as seven of these gentle giants eating bamboo and frolicking in their spacious enclosures.

7 Todaiji

©Yasufumi Nishi / ©JNTO

Todaiji is a magnificent temple complex in Japan's first capital, Nara. This World Heritage-listed site is home to a massive Buddha statue created in 752AD and housed in a towering temple-like building that is the world’s largest wooden structure.

8 Horyuji

©Yasufumi Nishi / ©JNTO

Horyuji, also in Nara, boasts what are considered to be the world's oldest wooden buildings, including an impressive 5-storey pagoda, at the base of which a relic of Buddha is said to be interred.

Even now, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Dome conveys the devastation of the atomic bomb

Hiroshima is the centre of the Chugoku region and, along with neighbouring Shikoku region, is blessed with a warm climate and an appeal that extends beyond its famous World War II historical sites.

Since bearing the brunt of the first atomic bomb ever to be unleashed on humanity, on August 6 1945, during World War II, Hiroshima has been reborn as the "City of Peace". Almost entirely rebuilt after the war, Hiroshima is both a modern city and an important historical site. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in the city centre serves as a moving remembrance for the victims of the atomic bombing and a reminder of the importance of peace. Over one million people come to the park every year to see the many monuments, visit the Peace Memorial Museum and to see the World Heritage listed Atomic Bomb Dome, which remains just as it was after the bombing.
For a less sombre World Heritage site, take a ferry over to Itsukushima Shrine, also known as Miyajima. This island's Shinto shrine was first established about 1400 years ago and, having been rebuilt several times since, the present structure dates from the mid-16th century. Consisting of a series of wooden, pier-like structures built above the water, Itsukushima Shrine is most famous for its dramatic torii (gate), which stands in the sea some 200 metres from the main shrine. Painted a striking vermilion, the base of the 16 metre-high gate is submerged at high tide, giving the impression the shrine is floating on the sea. This view of the vivid
shrine against a backdrop of blue sea and green mountains is known as one of the three great views of Japan.

Itsukushima Shrine's torii (gate) is beautifully reflected in the water
©Kohichi Shintani

Hiroshima's delicious okonomiyaki

Local oysters, delicious fresh or cooked

Convenient and cheap, the modern tram

As well as historical World Heritage sites, Hiroshima is a city for food-lovers, offering a number of unique gourmet delights. You cannot visit without trying okonomiyaki, a Japanese savoury pancake usually cooked and eaten off a hot plate using a spatula. Hiroshima and Kansai are the two regions in Japan that are famous for this dish. Hiroshima-style okonomiyaki is unique for layering ingredients ― typically pork, cabbage and egg, though there are many others ― together with noodles. The Okonomi Village building in Hiroshima brings together almost 30 specialised okonomiyaki restaurants and is always popular with both locals and tourists.
Oysters are another specialty of Hiroshima due to its proximity to the Seto Inland Sea. You can see the rafts used for oyster cultivation floating in Hiroshima Bay. Delicious served raw, baked, stewed or deep-fried, oyster dishes are available at numerous restaurants in the city. Another appetising delicacy is anago meshi (conger eel on rice). The fresh eel, grilled using a special sauce, melts in your mouth.
Baseball lovers will enjoy the new stadium in Hiroshima, the Shimin Kyujo (Municipal Stadium). The home of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp baseball team, it opened in April 2009 and, has seating for up to 32,000 dedicated fans.
For a cheap and cheerful way of getting around Hiroshima to see the sights, take the tram. There are seven tramlines running through the city, making it a very convenient way to explore.(J)

Shikoku & The Seto Inland Sea
Travel Guide

1.Shimanami Kaido, connecting Ehime & Hiroshima with ten bridges
2.Shikoku's famous Dogo Onsen
3. The colourful Awa dance of Tokushima
4.The Naruto whirlpools

Shikoku is separated from Japan's other islands by the Seto Inland Sea. Featuring a moderate climate and beautiful scenery, the coastal area of the Inland Sea is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Japan.
The Inland Sea is known for the Naruto whirlpools, caused by water rushing through the narrow Naruto Strait, producing the fastest current in Japan and, with it, mesmerising tidal whirlpools. Visitors can see the whirlpools from ships or from the Naruto Bridge.
Visitors can also enjoy the stunning Inland Sea scenery by taking the Nishiseto Expressway. Nicknamed the Shimanami Kaido (Sea Route), the 60-kilometre expressway was completed in May 1999 and links Imabari in Ehime Prefecture and Onomichi in Hiroshima Prefecture. It is the only passage across the Inland Sea accessible to cyclists and pedestrians as well as cars, and features some of the world's longest bridges.

©Photos courtesy of JNTO

Yoron Island’s Yurigahama Beach makes its appearance only at low tide
©Kagoshima Prefectural Tourist Federation / ©JNTO

Enjoying almost tropical temperatures, Kyushu and Okinawa are two of the warmest places in Japan. Kyushu boasts active volcanoes and ancient forests and is Japan’s hot spring capital, the 160 mostly uninhabited islands of Okinawa are a paradise of recreation and discovery.

According to Okinawa mythology, lion-shaped ornaments called Shisa are placed on the roof of buildings to guard against unlucky spirits
©Y.Shimizu/©JNTO

Kyushu’s lush forests are ripe for discovery. Kirishima-Yaku National Park, on mainland Kyushu, has 20 volcanoes, 10 crater lakes, hiking trails and hot springs to explore. The mountainous World Heritage-listed Yakushima Island, located 60 kilometres south-southwest of Kagoshima prefecture, proudly displays old growth forests of yakusugi (cedar) trees. One, named Jomon Sugi, is believed to be 7000 years old.

If you’d like to cool down from the sub-tropical temperatures, the thriving surf scene and sandy beaches of Miyazaki are Kyushu’s best-kept secret. Or you can try one of the thousands of beautifying onsen baths and bubbling mud-pools at Beppu.

Located 380 kilometres from Kagoshima, and about halfway between Kyushu and Okinawa, are the Amami Islands. The largest island, Amami Oshima, is famous for its native bushland and offers guided canoe tours amongst the mangroves, which are bustling with animal activity. This is the only region in Japan to produce Kokuto sho-chu, an alcoholic drink made from brown sugar. Yoron Island, the southernmost island of the Amami Group, is full of marine escapes ideal for snorkelling, diving and sea kayaking.

South of Kyushu, Okinawa is a paradise of beach resorts and water sports on an archipelago of islands accessible from the mainland only by boat and plane. Ishigaki Island is fringed with reefs and offers fantastic snorkelling; the Kerama islands allow scuba-diving over coral reefs in crystal-clear water; Iriomote Island is mostly covered by dense forest and mangroves which can be explored from the river on guided canoe tours; Yonaguni Island sports underwater rock formations that look like the Lost City of Atlantis. Okinawa is noted for the longevity of its people and the secret to their long life is said to be the local food, which consists of pork, goya-chyanpuru (a fried, bitter vegetable), soy-bean products such as tofu and their stress-free, exercise-orientated lifestyle.

Some cryptomeria trees on Yakushima Island are more than 2000 years old
©Kagoshima Prefectural Tourist Federation / ©JNTO

Okinawa boasts some of the best diving spots in the world
©Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau / © JNTO

At Kabira Bay on Ishigaki Island, beautiful coral reefs can be observed from glass-bottom boats

Yakushima’s majestic, 60 metre-high Senjin Waterfall

Getting around
Quick guide to where, when and how long for domestic flights and train travel.

■International flights, the easy way to get to Japan

*1 This schedule will start on 25 Oct 2009. *2 This schedule will start on 17 Oct 2009.

■ Domestic flights from Tokyo (by JAL or ANA)

Japan's Major International Airports

NARITA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

A few domestic flights do leave from Narita but most domestic flights leave from Tokyo's Haneda Airport (75min. from Narita by the Airport Limousine).

Travelling to and from Tokyo

Narita Airport has two key rail connections operating between central Tokyo station and the Narita Airport terminals. JR East's Narita Express (N'EX) is the fastest option (60 min., \2940). The Keisei Sky Liner is the best choice for travel to Nippori (51 min., \1920).
＞
Airport Limousine buses stop at most major hotels and certain landmarks on the way to central Tokyo (80 - 120 min., \3000).
＞
Taxis can be expensive depending on the zone of your destination. Travel to central Tokyo costs approx. \15,000 to \24,000.

KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

©Kansai International Airport Co.,Ltd / ©JNTO

Travelling to and from Osaka and Kyoto

The Haruka limited express service travels from Kansai Airport Station to Kyoto Station (75 min., \3490), Shin-Osaka Station (50 min., \2980) and Tennoji Station.
The Kansai Airport Rapid travels to Osaka Station (65 min., \1160).
Nankai Electric Railway operates the fast Rapi:tαtrain to Namba station (approx. 34 min., \1390).

Buses travel to Osaka station (60 min., \1500); Kyoto station (95 min., \2500); Namba station (50 min., \1000).

\18,000 to Shin-Osaka Station; \16,000 to Namba station; \32,000 to Kyoto station.

Using the Public Transport System

Japan has an extremely efficient public transportation system. Trains and buses service a large network, especially in metropolitan areas and between cities, and are clean and punctual. Transport notices and signs are usually given in English as well as Japanese.

Trains

Most trains and train lines in Japan are owned by Japan Railways (JR). However, others are owned by a number of private companies, often sharing mutual tracks. The urban train systems comprise shinkansen (bullet trains), limited express, express, rapid and local trains, many owned by separate companies, so it can be a little confusing. It's a good idea to carry a route map (called rosenzu) with you at all times. You can pick one up from most train stations.
All individual tickets (including shinkansen, private railways and subways) can be purchased from vending machines or ticket offices. Individual ticket costs will be shown on the railway line map, next to your destination station. Once you have checked the price, you can buy your ticket from one of the nearby vending machines. Children aged six to 11 pay half price and children under six travel free. Trains owned by different companies require different fares so prepaid integrated-circuit (IC) cards, such as Pasmo and Suica, are a useful way to simplify the system (see box). Passengers tend to form queues while waiting for the next train.

Buses

Many bus routes link train stations and residential areas. Each stop will be announced and displayed on an electric signboard on approach. Push the button to alert the bus driver when you wish to alight. Tickets are purchased upon entering the bus, or when getting off, depending on the bus company and the bus route. Fares can be pre-paid or you can use cash or integrated-circuit cards (Suica or Pasmo) on the bus.

Estimated Shinkansen travel times

JR Shinkansen (minutes from Tokyo)

Suica and Pasmo

Suica and Pasmo are rechargeable, prepaid integrated-circuit cards that can be used for all buses and trains (except shinkansen), regardless of the operating company. Suica is valid on virtually all JR trains, subways and buses in the Greater Tokyo, Sendai and Niigata regions as well as JR trains in other regions. Pasmo is valid on all trains, including JR trains, in the Greater Tokyo region only.
Suica/Pasmo cards can be purchased and recharged at rail vending machines and ticket counters in Tokyo. The initial cost consists of a small refundable deposit plus a charge amount of \1500 (for Suica) or between \500 and \9500 (for Pasmo). When riding the train, touch the card to the card reader when you pass through the station's ticket barrier. The applicable fare will be automatically deducted at the ticket gate at your destination. When riding the bus, touch the card to the reader when you board. If you are required to pay when alighting, make sure you touch your card to the reader when you get on and again when you get off for the appropriate fare to be deducted.

THE JAPAN RAIL (JR) PASS

The JR pass allows unlimited travel on JR-owned trains, buses and ferries for periods of 7, 14 or 21 days. JR passes must be purchased outside of Japan (either online or through your travel agent) before your visit. See www.japanrailpass.net for more information.

■Japan Rail Pass Prices for adult

$1AUD = 78.05JPY (as at September 15, 2009)
*Children aged 6-11 years travel at half price.

Travel sweeter with N'EX and Suica

Foreigners travelling on the JR East line from Narita station to the greater Tokyo or Yokohama regions can pick up a Suica and N'EX combination deal for only ￥\3500 (economy) or ￥\5000 (first class). That's a saving of over ￥\1400!

JR EAST PASS

The JR East Pass provides foreigners with unlimited travel on JR trains (including shinkansen and limited express trains) on 72 lines in the Kanto, Koshinetsu and Tohoku regions. Passes are available for five or 10 consecutive days or four flexible days within one month.

■JR East Pass Prices

*Children aged 6-11 years travel at half price.

Travel Tips

Handy tips and useful information to know before travelling to Japan.

Visas

Visitors to Japan do not require a visa for stays of up to 90 days. Under Japan's New Immigration Procedures all visitors must present their passport upon arrival and agree to be fingerprinted and photographed. Immigration may also ask a few quick questions. See http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/english/ for more information.

Money and Costs

The Japanese currency unit is the Yen (\). Coins are available in units of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 yen. Notes are available in 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10,000 yen. ATM's that accept Cirrus, MasterCard, Visa, American Express, PLUS and JCB can be found at post offices, major convenience stores and many banks. Cash payments are still more popular than credit cards, especially in smaller stores.

Tipping

Tipping and bartering are not expected in Japan.

Internet

Internet cafes are readily accessible in Japan, especially in the cities. Although big-name chain stores like Kinko's are prevalent, the most popular types of internet cafe in Japan are the Manga cafes, which also provide comics, magazines and video games. You pay for time increments in either a private booth or a communal seating area. Special time-packages are available and there is even the option of an overnight stay.

Mobile phones

Currently, the only foreign phones that work in Japan are some 3G models (that use the 2100 MHz band). With some
global roaming plans from an Australian service providers you can use your own phone to send and receive calls and texts and to access broadband internet. Alternatively, you can buy a SIM card in Japan to use with your own phone, or buy a cheap pre-paid phone (available from airports).

Public phones

Green or grey public phones can be found everywhere in Japan. They accept \10 and \100 coins, and telephone cards that can be purchased from kiosks and news agencies. You can make international calls from grey phones displaying the "international" sign.

To call australia

Japan has three international call providers. Dial one of their access numbers (0033, 001, or 0061) + 010 + country code (61) + area code (without the zero) + personal number.

©JNTO

Postal service

International mail can be classified into letter post (letters, aerogrammes and postcards); parcel post; and EMS (Express Mail Service). EMS takes two to four days to reach Australia. Airmail or letter post and parcel post take three to six days and sea mail takes one to three months. Parcels must be under 20 kg. Most post offices are open 9am to 5pm on weekdays.
www.post.japanpost.jp/english

Peak travel seasons

Timetables may change during the following peak travel seasons: New Years (December 27 to January 3 and adjacent weekends), Golden Week (April 29 to May 5 and adjacent weekends), Bon festival (the week surrounding August 15).

Water

All tap water in Japan is safe to drink.

Emergencies

For police assistance call 110 (free call from public phones if you press the red button) or look for the nearest "Koban" (police kiosk) marked with a red pentagonal light. For the fire department or an ambulance call 119.

©JNTO

Information centres

The Visit Japan Information Network consists of 200 information services across the country. Usually located near major train stations and town centres, they will provide information on local tourist sites.

©JNTO

Average temperature

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency, www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html

Handy Japanese Expressions

GREETINGS

COMMON EXPRESSIONS

MEALS

SHOPPING

OTHERS

TRANSPORT

* ( ) can be abbreviated when talking to your friends

Interview with
Yukio Yamashita
Executive Director of JNTO's Sydney Office

ENOUGH SAKE
to go around

The Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) aims to attract 10 million foreign visitors to Japan annually by 2010. jstyle spoke to Mr Yukio Yamashita, executive director of JNTO's Sydney office, about the pleasures of Japanese food and drink in Japan.

What do you think makes Japanese food unique?

Japanese food uses a wide range of ingredients, cooking methods and serving plates which can make it difficult to explain. In Australia what is sometimes called "Japanese cuisine" is often just Japanese-style cuisine and different to true Japanese food. The best way to gain an understanding of Japanese cuisine is to actually go to Japan and visit different areas, sampling local dishes. An easy way to do this is by trying out the ekiben, sold at stations and on trains in most areas. You'll be amazed by the diverse local flavours and how nutritionally balanced these boxed meals are.

What's your favourite regional delicacy?

I have previously lived in Miyagi Prefecture, which is north of Tokyo, and so I would recommend oysters from Matsushima. Of course Australia also has oysters, however the oysters of Matsushima are cooked differently and are quite delicious. I definitely recommend them cooked in a special kind of hot-pot called dote-nabe and also oysters which have been grilled over a charcoal flame. Another of my recommendations is Sendai's beef tongue dish (Gyu-tan). In Australia, beef tongue is not commonly eaten but if you try it, then you'll know what I'm talking about. Shizuoka, west of Tokyo, is famous for its Shizuoka Oden. Although oden is found all over Japan, in Shizuoka, the pieces of oden are on skewers and cooked in a fairly strong-flavoured, special soup stock. Shizuoka Oden is eaten with a sweetish miso dabbed on it and also sprinkled with dried bonito powder. Shizuoka is home to an historic restaurant called Chojiya, which is featured in a series of prints by Hiroshige Utagawa, a woodblock artist famous both in Japan and internationally. The print is one of The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido. It is possible to enjoy a meal even now in Choujiya's original building, thought to be more than 400 years old.

Any tips for sampling the local sake?

Japanese sake varies according to the particular climate and environment of each local area, with many different flavours and aromas. Locally brewed sake should be enjoyed with local cuisine. In the same way that wine has different varieties, so sake has varieties such as ginjo-shu, junmai-shu and daiginjo-shu. Going on a tour all over the countryside visiting local sake breweries is one of the pleasures of visiting Japan.

Where should visitors go for the best sake and food?

Tokyo and Osaka are the two big gourmet cities and Kobe's Nada area, adjacent to Osaka is well known for good sake. Along the route from Tokyo through Nagoya to Kyoto, Osaka and Hiroshima, which we call the Golden Route, are many smaller cities where you can enjoy local cuisine and sake. But there are many special local products, excellent sake and gourmet delights all over Japan. These can be enjoyed anywhere and everywhere. However, you will only find that out if you actually go to Japan and experience it with your own eyes and palate, for yourself.

JNTO is responsible for promoting Japan as a tourist destination for overseas travellers. JNTO activities include holding seminars and events for travel trade professionals and media, publicising special tour packages and taking the main role in promoting Japanese tourism through the Visit Japan Campaign. The JNTO Sydney office supports publications that focus on Japan, like jstyle. Through these activities the number of Australians who visited Japan rose from 172,134 in 2003 to 242,031 in 2008. The JNTO website has a wealth of information about travel to and around Japan, as well as information about Japan-related events. JNTO has a self-service counter where people can pick up maps, brochures, tour package information and other Japan travel related literature. Enquiries are accepted by telephone and email.

Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO)
Sydney Office

Address: Level 7, 36-38 Clarence St. Sydney NSW
Tel: (02) 9279-2177
(Tues+Thurs: 2PM-5PM)
Web: www.jnto.org.au
Email: travelinfo@jnto.org.au

A scene from the travel expo held in Sydney

Born of each regional area's unique environmental and climatic conditions, the local cuisine and locally brewed sake are one of the great pleasures of travelling around Japan. A sure way to make your trip even more enjoyable is by sampling the perfect match of local specialties together with the region's own sake. Here are the Japan National Tourism Organization's recommendations for famous local dishes and unmissable sake.

1 Hokkaido
Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan is the name of a barbecue-style dish that grills meats, such as lamb or mutton, and an assortment of vegetables in a large convex pan. The pan is said to be modelled on the helmets of the Mongolian soldiers, whose staple food was believed to be lamb.

©Hokkaido Tourism Organization/© JNTO

2 Miyagi/Sendai
Gyu-tan (Grilled beef tongue)

Sendai's gyu-tan, highly regarded for its soft texture and exquisite flavour, is usually served in a set combination with barley, rice and ox-tail soup. This delightful combination of dishes goes equally well with sake or beer.

©City of Sendai

3 Tochigi/Utsunomiya
Gyoza

Made from pork mince, cabbage and Chinese chives wrapped in sheets of wonton pastry, gyoza is a delicious dish that can be served pan-fried or boiled. Although visitors to Japan can enjoy this dish almost anywhere, the gyoza at Utsunomiya in Tochigi prefecture are the most well-known.

4 Tokyo
Sushi

The style of sushi that is famous worldwide for representing Japanese cuisine is known as Edomae sushi and originated in Tokyo. This style combines fresh raw fish on a bed of vinegared rice. As the home of the famous Tsukiji fish markets, Tokyo is still the best place to enjoy this fresh and healthy treat.

©2009 Tokyo Convention & Visitors Bureau

5 Shizuoka
Tororo soup

Tororo is made by grating a Japanese potato called jinenjo. It can be served on soba noodles, sashimi or steamed rice and is popular as a soup in Shizuoka. A restaurant in Shizuoka called Chyojiya has specialised in this hearty soup for over 400 years and is a must for any culinary adventurer.

6 Aichi/Nagoya
Miso-katsu

Miso-katsu is the most popular of Aichi prefecture's local delicacies. It consists of deep-fried pork cutlets covered with a rich miso paste, which is a fermented soy product.

7 Okayama/Hinase
Kakioko

Kakioko is an oyster-flavoured okonomiyaki unique to Hinase in Okayama prefecture, which is renowned for its oyster farms. Prepared in a different way to the okonomiyaki found in Hiroshima and Kansai, the large, locally cultivated oysters are specially prepared to stay juicy and retain their original form before being added to the pancake.

8 Kagawa
Sanuki Udon

Claiming to be the birthplace of udon, Kagawa prefecture is often regarded as the mecca of Japanese noodles. Sanuki udon combines wheat-based noodles with a soup made from fish stock and soy sauce, and with prices starting from ￥150, it is a favourite with the thrifty traveller.

9 Fukuoka
Motsu Nabe

This hot pot dish consists of motsu (beef offal) cooked in a soy-sauce or miso based soup. Genuine motsu nabe, which originated in Fukuoka, uses mountains of cabbage and Chinese chives. The heat of motsu nabe can cause perspiration, which is considered benefical for dieting and general health.

Eating Ekiben

Ekiben are boxed take-away meals originally sold at railway stations. These meals combine rice with side dishes of various locally sourced ingredients and are packaged in convenient containers. Some of them are served in a ceramic bowl, so you can eat in style and comfort even when you are on the go. You could even keep the bowl! The huge variety of ekiben meals makes train trips doubly enjoyable.

Hokkaido Mori Station
Ikameshi

Ikameshi, one of Japan's most famous ekiben meals, is cuttlefish stuffed with a mixture of glutinous and non-glutinous rice cooked in a special sauce.
Abeshoten have been capturing the unique flavours of Ikameshi for over 100 years.

Yamagata Yonezawa Station
Gyu-niku Domannaka

Gyu-niku Domannaka is a popular type of ekiben. A generous portion of mince meat and thinly sliced wagyu beef are cooked in a special sauce and placed on top of the locally grown Domannaka variety of steamed rice.

Sipping Sake

Climatic and environmental conditions vary across Japan, which affects the water and rice from each area. This in turn creates unique and highly individualised brands of Japanese sake because of the particular water and rice used to make it. These locally brewed brands are called jizake and recently different brands of Japanese sake are gaining attention and increasing in popularity. Travelling around Japan and sampling different brands of local sake makes for a very enjoyable trip!

Hyogo
Ohkaichirin

This highly refined sake is from Japane's largest sake brewing area. It has an aromatic flavor and is slightly dry. Best served chilled or at room temperature.

Iwate
Nanbubijin

Having won a gold medal at the 2008 World Wine Championships, this popular sake from the northern area of Japan is beginning to achieve fame outside of Japan too. Fruity and refreshing, this sake can be enjoyed with a meal.